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Poets Write Feelings of Racism in Still I Rise In Harlem...

The topic of racism and slavery date back centuries ago. It is an unimaginable thing to have known that it occurred for such an extensive amount of time in the past. But knowing that racism is still going on is unfortunate. During the mid-1950’s-60’s was when the Black community really felt the need to take charge and fight for their rights. Numerous amounts of young black men and women found ways to end racism. Some even sought out to write their feelings turning them into poetry. One of these people is Langston Hughes. Hughes is a very influential man who has written countless amounts of poetry. Another leading poet that has a major impact to further demolish racism is Maya Angelou. She too has written a multitude of poetry over the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Maybe it just sags/ like a heavy load† (lines 9-10). It is like as if anyone can feel the pain when reading those lines. The poem was written back during the civil rights days, and Harry Phillips says the real meaning of a dream â€Å"deferred† is that African Americans continue to endure the difficult realties of racism and limited opportunity in a presumably free society. The dream deferred is mainly Hughes talking about the civil rights movement on â€Å"racism†. On the other hand, Still I Rise is another poem that has various similarities to Harlem. It frequently shows to the readers that whatever comes her way, she still rises. The poem consistently has a repetitively saying of â€Å"still I rise† which generally means to her, all the things she may have encountered, racism, and other personal situations, she still rises to greatness. Leaving behind nights of terror and fear I rise Into a daybreak thats wondrously clear I rise Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave, I am the dream and the hope of the slave. I rise I rise I rise.† (Angelou Lines 35-43) Throughout the poem it reveals to us that though she has encountered being mistreated during the segregated days and so have her fellow ancestors in their past life, she will continue on and really be exceptional. Furthermore, it is clear to the audience that the intent for Harlem and Still I Rise is to show that whatever one may encounter whether it being a death

A General Guide for Writing Project/Thesis Free Essays

Dr. S. Torres, Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on A General Guide for Writing Project/Thesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Professor Division of Social Work California State University, Sacramento A General Guide for Writing Project/Thesis Special Note: This document is for instructional purposes only; faculty directing project/thesis may have different and/or additional requirements and guidelines. Students should consult with their project/thesis advisor for any specific requirements. A thesis is a substantial generalization that can stand by itself as the basis of an essay’s development. It is an assertion of what the writer believes is right or wrong and why, and it is a statement that can be either true or false.Students must be eligible to and then register for SWRK500 Culminating Experience as part of completing the Project/Thesis. SWRK500 Culminating Experience Advancement to candidacy is required prior to registration. Credit given upon successful completion of either, A. Thesis (an original contribution to knowledge) OR B. Research Project (addition to technical/professional knowledge or application of knowledge through case study, field study, documentary report, substantial annotated bibliography, or article of publishable quality) OR C.Directed Study and Comprehensive Examination (seminar, portfolio, examination). Prerequisite: SWRK 210. Graded Credit/No Credit. 2-4 units. Students should consider many factors in approaching a member of the Division’s faculty to act as advisor on a Project/Thesis. Chief among these factors is the faculty member’s interest and expertise on the topic of the Project/Thesis itself. Given the amount of time and energy the student is required to commit in completing a Project/Thesis they will want the assistance and guidance of someone of like interest and commitment.Occasionally, students may choose to develop a Project/Thesis topic that is a smaller part of a research project being conducted by the member of the faculty but this is not a requirement. In either case, students should consider trying to match their personal working style with that of the potential advisor’s when considering who to approach as a Project/Thesis advisor. Please keep in mind that teaching and other institutional responsibilities for each member of the Division’s faculty also impacts their availability to serve as Project/Thesis advisors.Chapter 1: Problem Statement and Overview Introduction The general introduction to the topic should discuss how you became interested in doing this research, study, or project. In this section you can write about your opinion or history as to why and or how you became interested in the topic or issue. This serves as a general introduction on the topic and eventually narrows to the specific topic area; discusses general concepts, gives a 1 reference or two if necessary, but the bulk/detail of related work is discussed later, and concludes with a clear statement on what the work is about.Suggested Length: On e and a half to three (1. 5 to 3) pages. Background of the Problem This is where the student is essentially answering the questions: who, what, where. when. You are establishing the basis for your project. You give specific information here. For example, if you are writing about programs for women leaving county jails, you would give the statistics on how many women are actually in jail, how many programs exist, etc This section is very important because it establishes what you will be doing in chapter two, the review of the literature.You are defining the parameters of your project, what is and what is not important and relevant to your project. In this section you will be citing sources of information. Suggested Length: four to six (4 to 6) pages. Statement of the Problem The statement of the problem is a clear and precise statement of what focus of the study is. Sample: There is a lack of well defined intervention services and treatment modalities for children diagnosed with Attachment Disorder.Sample: There is a need for empowering parents and teachers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) through the development of access to user-friendly to resources and support in understanding, intervening and living with ADHD. Suggested Length: Typically one or two (1 to 2) sentences in length. Purpose of the Study Here the student is briefly stating the importance of the project/thesis. General points or questions to guide you on what to include in an the purpose of the study are: Why is the study or project needed? What practical problem does it address? Who will benefit from such the proposed study or project?Sample: The purpose of this project is to produce a re source handbook for women leaving jail. This handbook will be distributed †¦ Sample: The purpose of the study is to document and analyze the use of anatomical dolls in assessing possible sexual abuse among three and four year-old children. Suggested Length: One to two (1 to 2) paragraphs. 2 Theoretical Framework Here the student presents the theoretical foundation of that will be used as support in the analysis and understanding the topic of study. The theory(s) or perspective selected will of course be dependent on the focus and nature of the project.Sample: General systems theory, feminist perspective or the ecological perspective might be examples of what functions as the theoretical foundation of your study. The student, in consultation with their advisor will need to consider which theory(s) are most applicable and relevant for the topic. This section is usually not a detailed explanation of the theory itself but rather how the theory or perspective acts as foundation to the study. Suggested Length: One to two (1 to 2) pages. Definition of Terms This is where you provide definitions for frequently used technical terms.For example: in the project on women and jail, the terms recidivism, probation, work furlough, etc. would be defined. For the project on anatomical dolls, terms such as child abuse, molest, anatomical dolls would be defined. Suggested Length: Dependent on the number of terms to be defined. Assumptions This section asks the reader to accept specified assumptions as valid. No citations or proofs need to be provided. For example, if you were writing a project on some aspect of housing, you might write an assumption about the lack of adequate and affordable housing in the US today.This way you would assume that fact as true and not have to provide evidence to support it. Suggested Length: Dependent on the number of assumptions made. Justification General points or questions to guide you on what to include here are: Why is the study or project needed? What practical problem does it address? Who will benefit from such the proposed study or project? Suggested Length: One or two (1 or 2) paragraphs. Limitations Write a paragraph about what you will not be doing. For example, if you are doing a project on women and jails, you might be interviewing women in jail but not women who have been released from jail. For the project on anatomical dolls, children and parents were not interviewed, nor were judges or lawyers. Suggested Length: One or two (1 or 2) paragraphs. Chapter 2: Review of the Literature This is probably the most difficult chapter to write. It involves concentrated research. Here you are reviewing the essential literature on your topic. You will be identifying what has been written about your topic. That is, researching other people’s work, specifically pointing out how what you do is different/better than what they did. This should be focused around your topic, not just general items somewhere in the vicinity of your general area. This section requires very close consultation with your project/thesis advisor. You will be spending a great deal of time in the library, finding the relevant information. This can be very time consuming if you just start looking. You need to carefully identify the areas that need to be reviewed. You should have already done that in your Background of the Problem. You will have multiple citations from a number of different journals. You will also be citing books, but the most contemporary literature is in journals.In this section you will rarely be citing just one author, unless you are giving a direct quote. The purpose of this section is to tell the reader what is already known about the topic. If your topic is not well researched, you will look at related areas. One might approach this section as if writing mini-papers on each area then an integrative summary. Sample: A project on women and jails might include a review of the literature in the following areas: women and crime-general, women and punishment-general, women in jails, programs for women released from jails.Sample: A project on anatomical dolls, literature on the following areas might be reviewed: instrument credibility, interviewing credibility, developmental issues of the child subject. Suggested Length: Twenty pages (20) pages. Chapter 3: Methods This is where you describe how you are doing your research. Here you will describe your research design, the subjects and how you identified them, the research instrumentation being used, data gathering procedures, and protection of human subjects.For those of you who are doing manuals, you describe where and how you obtained your information in order to write the manual. Suggested Length: Two to four (2 to 4) pages. 4 Chapter 4: The Project This is it!! Here you present the data that you have collected. If you are writing a manual, the manual is here. You are simply telling the reader about what you found in your research. You can use graphs, charts etc. to present the data. Suggested Length: Dependent on the data that you have collected and form of project or thesis.Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Implications In this chapter you will discuss your findings (from chapter 4) in terms of how these findings compare to, contrast with, or add to what was found in the literature review. You also get to write about what else needs to be done. What additional research should be conducted, how, for what purpose etc. General questions or points you could use to guide you in writing this section include: Revisits your objectives. Did you accomplish what you intended? Did you accomplish more than what you set out to accomplish originally?What were the major points learned? What are your contributions to the field? What foundation for future research have you established? Suggested Length: Three to Five (3 to 5) pages. Appendices and References The last section is the Appendices and References. This section of the Project/Thesis could include materials such as program flyers, instruments, questionnaires or other research tools that were used or developed for use in the project. Please keep in mind that if copyrighted materials are used one should obtain letters of release from the copyright holder and include as part of appendix.Under the heading of References you should include a complete list of cited materials used in completing your project/thesis. You are to use the guidelines contained in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (4th Edition) in writing references. Online Resources for Project/Thesis Writing CSUS, Division of Social Work Online Documents Forms http://www. hhs. csus. edu/SWRK/SWForms. htm CSUS, Office of Graduate Studies Online Forms http://www. csus. edu/gradstudies/forms. htm 5 How to cite A General Guide for Writing Project/Thesis, Papers

Marketing Concept of Sobel and Company-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Find a Non-profit Organisation that implements the Marketing Concept. What is the exhange taking place? What is the profit they seek? 2.The Billabong website (www.billabong.com.au) offers consumers a lot of information about the surfing, skiing and skating industries. However, little, if any, information is provided on Billabong products. Do you think that his helps Billabong to build relationships with its target customer? 3.Go to Nestle's Australian web site (www.nestle.com.au). Review its latest news and the Peter's brand page to identify recent new-product launches or promotional campaigns. Which segments of the market are these products/campaigns aimed at? 4.If a Company is interested in estimating the distribution of income in the Northern Territory or New Zealands's North Island, how could it proceed? Be specific. 5.Visit three web services of fast moving consumer goods (FCMG) Companies . Is there evidence of a segmented approach or are they mass marketing? 6.Discuss how worldwide demographic trends are affecting opportunities for International Marketing and which industries are set to benefits from the ageing baby boomers. Answers: 1.Sobel and Company is a middle market and consulting firm that provides social services to organizations and currently works with many nonprofit organizations. They have the revenue ranging from $ 100000 to $ 60000000. The organization has distinctive approach in working with the nonprofit sectors and they employ integrated marketing tactics leading to more interactive interactions with donors and volunteers. In order to have distinctive advantage over other organizations, Sobel employs a formal marketing process. For attracting their target audience that is nonprofit community, organization makes use of various social networking platforms for promotion (Perreault et al., 2013). 2.Billabong is primary a clothing retailer of Australia that produces a wide range of accessories and they have witnessed a major decline in their consumer purchasing decisions. Demands for products of Billabong have reduced and this has resulted in losing their brand identity. Providing information about their products on their websites will help the organizations to attract the customers and would be able to fulfill their enthusiasms about gaining knowledge about the products. Advertising the products on the companys website will help in targeting the customers in unique way. Depicting information about the quality of products, their benefits will help in building relationship with target market (Armstrong et al., 2015). 3.Nestle Australia has a diverse brand of portfolio of products and Peter ice cream was one of its brand. Partnering with this brand has helped the company is attracting the loyalty of ice cream lovers in Australia. In the recent news, Nestle had agreed to sell its peter brand to pacific equity partners with the intention of solely focusing in their core business. Strong position of the ice cream brand has helped Nestle in building strong portfolio and has given tribute to ice cream lovers in the country. Nestle has the deliberation of building this iconic brand of ice cream and sold the brand to pacific equity partners. This organization has experience in the consumers good sector and has long track records of growing business and this will help Peter brand in enhancing their growth performance and building the strong portfolio of ice cream products (Armstrong et al., 2013). Therefore, this particular strategy of Nestle will help Peter ice cream in gaining good records of their bran d and loyal customer profiles. 4.In order for organization to analyze the market opportunities in North island of New Zealand and Northern territory, they are required to estimate the distribution of income. For estimating the distribution income, company is required to determine the absolute number of residents residing in those particular regions along with the characteristics of household. Information pertaining to these attributes can be collected from projected and current demographic, consumer and lifestyle data. The starting point of in depth analysis of the data relation to income distribution estimation is depicted by such data. Data concerning demographic is readily available in the census report of government of respective regions (Babin Zikmund, 2015). This helps in providing with the demographic estimates of the region. Gathering data about the distribution of income by consumers will help in identifying the power of spending of residents. Evaluation of income distribution can be done by company by using the statistical concepts such as calculation of average household income and a number of households that are sought for within a certain range of income before business establishment. However, it is also required by companies to take into account of factors that leads and impacts the distribution of income. 5.The three fast moving consumer goods companies that are selected for the analysis of their marketing approach are HUL, ITC and P G. Marketing segmentation is one of the fundamental principles of marketing and most of the FCMG companies rely on geographical, demographical, psychological and behavioral segmentation of marketing. Moreover, such companies make use of market target strategies in order to reach their target market. The ranking orders of these organizations are P G, HUL and ITC in terms of using segmentation approach for reaching their target market. Recommendations for further segmenting their market are as follows: Organizations should try to provide the customers with personalized and customized products in order to serve the customers in better way. Some of the retail market strategies that can be adopted by these FMCG companies is to have specific marketing campaign as they will help in utilizing the resources more efficiently. Industrial marketing is one of the most valuable methods of segmentation that involves philosophy approach of company and purchasing approaches of consumers. However, this method of segmentation is often neglected. This involves the nature of supplier and buyers relationships, purchasing criteria and purchasing criteria. 6.Today, the world is facing drastic demographic transition and most of the developed and developing countries are experiencing unique aging. Performance of international marketing is significantly impacted by this type of typical trend. Demands for global services and products will rise considerably with surging up of new consumers. Organizations are continually striving towards efficiency, regulation and productiveness with the boom in global economy. Global organizations have global recognition in their mind and they would continue to compete regardless of these ongoing trends (Air Lukas, 2014). Emerging economies are being faced with rising aging and the organization intends to build their social system and financial infrastructure for dealing with the consequences. Moreover, the marketing strategies of the international organizations are also significantly impacted by the global trends. Some of the industries that are benefitting from baby boomers are food and automobile companies. Some of the food companies are Nestle, auto companies like Toyota, communication and technology companies like Apple, home need industries and Swiss multinational company and shoe industries such as Nike (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). References: Air Jr, J. F., Lukas, B. (2014). Marketing research (Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Babin, B. J., Zikmund, W. G. (2015). Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013). Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013). International marketing. Cengage Learning. Hartley, R. F., Claycomb, C. (2013). Marketing mistakes and successes. Wiley. Perreault Jr, W., Cannon, J., McCarthy, E. J. (2013). Basic marketing. McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Gibbs Cycle for Management of Clinical Problems - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGibbs Cycle for Management of Clinical Problems. Answer: Introduction: Gibbs reflective cycle can be defined as the theoretical model by which individuals can effectively use it as a framework and thereby reflect on the experiences gained to develop skills and knowledge. Researchers have often liked the procedure of reflective practice for students as it gives them the scope of studying their own experiences and thereby improve their working ways to achieve success. They are extremely useful for healthcare professionals as this mode of learning gives them the cope to develop new insight and learn throughout their lives. Therefore, the act of reflection is the great way that increases confidence and hence become a more proactive as well as qualified professionals. This assignment would mainly contain a reflection of the learning experiences I had developed about the cultural competence required by nurses in their practice and this would help me to provide a safe as well as culturally competent care. Gibbs reflective cycle: Description stage: In this stage, the student needs to describe the events that had taken place. Before the initiation of the course, I was not aware about the ways that how culturally incompetent care is associated with negative outcomes of the health of the native people. I already had ideas that their culture is different from ours but was not aware about the exact ways by which they were different. Before, the coursework I had attended one aboriginal patient in the placement where my approach of treatment was not at all culturally competent. The patient had become upset and had left the place without further treatment. Later, after I had gone through the coursework I had developed huge amount of knowledge and had been able to understand the different mistakes that I had made during the treatment of the patient. Feeling: I was extremely happy and satisfied after my coursework was completed. This is because I got the scope of learning, any important things that would have great contribution in making me a culturally competent nurse. I was very excited as I developed the idea that I would from now on be able to provide the best culturally competent care to native people. This would ensure their satisfaction and high quality life. Evaluation: This stage mainly says what was good and bad about the experience. The best part of the learning experience was that it made me competent enough by which I can handle native people respectfully. This course helped me learn about the different cultural traditions, preferences as well as inhibitions of the native people and hence the care that would be provided by me would keep these considerations in mind. I would be able to interact with them in a way by which I can maintain their dignity and autonomy and help them to be satisfied with the treatment. This treatment helped me to learn ways that that would help the native patients to align with the recommendations and suggestions I give. This would help them to develop quality lives (Jacob et al., 2016). However, the only negative part of the experiment was that it was quite strenuous and energy draining. A large number of chapters need d to be covered and it was creating huge pressure on me. I was drained out physically and mentally b ut my will helped me to adhere with the coursework. Analysis: In this stage, the individuals need to make sense of the situation. This coursework was helpful to me in a large number of ways. This coursework taught me how to develop my cultural communication skills with the native people. This can be described with the help of examples. While caring for native people, huge amount of importance is given to developing rapport with them as native people trusts the building and maintaining of relationships (Hunt et al., 2015). Therefore, this coursework helped me to guide that it is very important for me to introduce myself physically and mentally in a warm and friendly way. I should try to make them feel comfortable be providing details about me, discussing things of common interest and many others. While nurses should take time to build rapport with the native people, so much time is not required for non-native people as they open easily and connect with nursing professionals easily (West et al., 2018). Moreover, they do not like direct questionin g about their personal lives and so the nursing professionals need to incorporate indirect questioning mechanisms to make them reveal their concerns and issues regarding personal lives (Brown et al., 2017). Another very important thing, which is taught to me by the coursework, is maintenance of proper body language. I need to exhibit proper nonverbal communication skills as improper skills may hurt the sentiments of the native people and make them demoralized and depressed (Jacob et al., 2016). They do not like eye contact with each other as it is considered rude and disrespectful by them unlike that of the non-natives who put stress on eye contact for effective communication and relationship building. Moreover, non-natives do not like silence in the midst of the conversation and always try to fulfill it as they feel this to develop sense of suspicion or shows lack of confidence of the speakers (Power et al., 2016). In case of the non-aboriginals, silence is considered extremely imp ortant and is taken as norm of communication. The coursework helps us to learn about all these aspects and thereby it had greater contribution towards me in developing culturally competent care practices. Conclusion: In this step, the students need to explain what other things he could have been done by the student. Initially, when I had not taken up the coursework, I should not have taken chances with the treatment of the patient. I should have completed the coursework and then treated the patient with a proper experience. Researchers are of the opinion that nursing professionals should only undertake activities that they are knowledgeable and confident about (Power et al., 2016). Besides, the coursework I could have also attended workshop classes which could have helped me to develop my skills. However, the coursework was strenuous and therefore, I could not undertake such actions. Action plan: In this stage, the students need to state what other activities could have been taken by them at that time. In any such situations in my career, I will never take up any activities upon which I have no knowledge or confidence. A healthcare professional should not affect the dignity and autonomy of the patient by providing them culturally incompetent services (West et al., 2018). I should first develop knowledge about the culture of the patient and then attend the patient for treatment. Conclusion: Therefore, it is very important for all students to use Gibbs cycle to reflect their learning experiences. This would help them to develop their skills by learning for experiences and emerge as better professionals in future. References: Brown, D., Edwards, H., Seaton, L., Buckley, T. (2017).Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hunt, L., Ramjan, L., McDonald, G., Koch, J., Baird, D., Salamonson, Y. (2015). Nursing students' perspectives of the health and healthcare issues of Australian Indigenous people.Nurse education today,35(3), 461-467. Jacob, E., Raymond, A., Jones, J., Jacob, A., Drysdale, M., Isaacs, A. N. (2016). Exploration of nursing degree students content expectations of a dedicated Indigenous health unit.Collegian,23(3), 313-319. Power, T., Virdun, C., Sherwood, J., Parker, N., Van Balen, J., Gray, J., Jackson, D. (2016). REM: A collaborative framework for building indigenous cultural competence.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,27(5), 439-446. West, R., Mills, K., Rowland, D., Creedy, D. K. (2018). Validation of the first peoples cultural capability measurement tool with undergraduate health students: A descriptive cohort study.Nurse education today,64, 166-171.

How to Write a Sample Reflective Essay Introduction

How to Write a Sample Reflective Essay IntroductionSample reflective essay introduction is a very important article on the web site and also in your novel. It's essential that you know this simple format.In the pre-schools and day care centers we always write an essay with the arrival of the first grade and before the sixth grade. At first it was very difficult to learn because most parents had chosen a very small boarder or pen and paper for the home reading, however, now, these days, there are many online forums where the children can discuss their answers in detail.When the school year comes, you will have many fun things to do, such as visiting the schools, drawing some pictures and learning a lot. You could probably even start making your own and you will not have to go back to school. We say, 'all children know to have fun and have the joys of life'.When I was growing up, we were all very keen to find a parent who could teach us how to speak and write as a young girl, but we go t frustrated. The most common topics we always had been animals, horses, dinosaurs, and then college. The funniest thing is, that our mother said, 'You'll know what to say, but you'll never say it!'But, learning is an important task and you can't ever say the right thing. A mother said, 'It takes you a while to learn grammar' or, 'No one can explain grammar to you,' and most parents believe in these beliefs. What they don't realize is that even if you get a lot of knowledge on how to speak and write, you'll never be able to put it into practice. But, you're actually doing the next best thing by reading and writing as a child.So, sample reflective essay introduction is a simple way of demonstrating the knowledge. There is a little collection of the most popular pre-school and day care writing strategies and you can download this free for your children. And, if you know someone who is really interested in this, then you might consider having your own online writing teacher so you coul d be on the same page.You might be wondering, 'how to write a sample reflective essay introduction?' There are many strategies that you could use for this, depending on how much free time you have.

Charles Gibsons Case and the Role of a Nurse Educator in the Education of the Nursing Staff

Introduction The nurse educators play a crucial role in the development of new nursing staff. Apart from teaching theory, nurse educators must prepare the students to work in the clinical setting, think critically, and use the modern means of communication to obtain evidence-based data. In addition, nurse educators need to encourage passion and desire to work in the learners.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Charles Gibson’s Case and the Role of a Nurse Educator in the Education of the Nursing Staff specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To teach the students properly, a nurse educator needs to have an in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of diseases (to explain to the students how a disease harms the organism), the associated physical assessments (to teach them how to identify/diagnose diseases), and the pharmacologic implications for care (so the students may prescribe the appropriate drug s). In this paper, we will study the case of Charles Gibson, an imaginary patient who has suffered from an ischemic stroke, and offer recommendations concerning the prescription of medications to him. We will also take a closer look at the role of the nurse educator in the students’ professional development. Charles Gibson’s Case Mr. Gibson was diagnosed with an ischemic stroke when he arrived at the hospital. He was treated with the tissue plasmogen activator. Recently, he was moved from the emergency department to the rehabilitation unit. According to the post-stroke MRI, the patient had no worsening ischemia, and had reperfusion in the affected area of the brain. The patient can consume nectar-thick foods; it is planned to move him to soft diet if swallow evaluation results are good enough. He also has difficulty speaking; the problems appear to have motor origins. Mr. Gibson identifies words when he is shown pictures with items for everyday use. His current physica l assessments are within the normal: the heart rate is 82 with normal sinus rhythm; the blood pressure is 130/80; the respiratory rate is 18, regular (the normal RR for people of Mr. Gibson’s age is 12-28 (Rodrà ­guez-Molinero, Narvaiza, Ruiz, Gà ¡lvez-Barrà ³n, 2013)); the oxygen saturation is 96% on 2 L/min; the body temperature is 98.6 F. On the whole, the patient’s condition seems to be favorable. He is apparently recuperating from his ischemic stroke.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are a number of factors that have predisposed the patient to the ischemic stroke. First, the patient had hypertension before the stroke (and refused to take medications for it); the vessels that are constantly tense can lead to a lack of blood supply, which increases the chance of an ischemic stroke. Second, diabetes is also a risk factor (Hewitt, Guerra, del Carmen Fernà ¡ndez-Moreno, Sierra, 2012); high sugar in blood damages many organs, including the vessels: the tunica intima loses its smoothness, which increases the risk of blood clotting. Third, smoking is also a factor that greatly increases the likelihood of a stroke; among the most known mechanisms are hypercoagulability (thrombophilia) and atherosclerosis (fibrofatty plaques inside the vessels) (Edjoc, Reid, Sharma, Fang, 2013). Fourth, the patient had the habit of eating all kinds of food, including junk food; apart from being a factor that increases the risk of stroke directly, it also exacerbates the patient’s diabetes. Fifth, the patient is overweight (weight: 250 lbs, height: 6 feet), which also stimulates the formation of plaques in the arteries, thus increasing the likelihood of thrombi, and, consequently, a stroke. To identify the specified pathophysiological problems that led to the stroke, it is essential to gather information about the patient’s habits, a s well as to obtain some clinical data. To know about the patient’s hypertension, it is necessary to monitor his blood pressure regularly for a period of time – to identify the persistently high BP. To find diabetes, it is important to control the level of sugar in the blood; the blood for the tests must be taken on an empty stomach, because the levels of sugar in blood increase after an intake of food. The rest of the named factors that increase the risk of a stroke are more apparent (because they are related to the lifestyle, such as eating junk food or smoking cigarettes, or because they are rather obvious, such as being overweight). To identify the pathophysiological problems caused by the ischemic stroke (the lack of blood supply to the brain), it is possible to look at the consequences of the stroke. The LoC (level of consciousness) test can be used not only to identify the severity of stroke; it includes a number of symptoms typical of a stroke, many of which ar e a loss of a certain function. Other tests may be used to identify the lost or damaged functions. Finally, a CT or MRI scan can be used to identify the area where the stroke occurred (ÃÅ"nlà ¼er et al., 2012); this information can be utilized to understand which functions are likely to have been impaired.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Charles Gibson’s Case and the Role of a Nurse Educator in the Education of the Nursing Staff specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The only psychological problem mentioned in the description of Mr. Gibson’s case after he has been moved to the rehabilitation unit is that he â€Å"expresses remorse about not ‘being able to do what he did before’†; however, he stays motivated. Therefore, he apparently does not suffer from serious psychological disorders. However, such disorders still may be present. A psychologist’s examination might be us eful. The patient has suffered from an ischemic stroke. Pathophysiologically, it affects the function of blood circulation by creating an obstacle for the blood (an occluded vessel in the brain) and preventing it from reaching certain tissues in the brain. The brain tissues deprived of the blood supply stop performing their functions and start dying. The person may lose their ability to do different actions, and may achieve a disability; the types of abilities lost depend on which part of the brain has suffered from the ischemia. The disability may be permanent (and a stroke can also be lethal, of course); however, if the stroke was not too severe, and the blood supply was restored rapidly, the damage might not be so critical, and some of the living neurons may gradually adopt the function of the tissues that died, restoring the patient’s ability to perform certain actions, but this often may require additional training. Mr. Gibson has difficulty speaking, and the problem see ms to have motor origins. This means that he is capable of understanding words and formulating his thoughts using words in his mind, but he is unable to properly pronounce the words due to the damage to the parts of the brain that are responsible for moving speech muscles. It is possible that his ability to speak will be eventually restored, but a certain amount of time, and, quite possibly, special training (speech therapy) may be required. Psychologically, Mr. Gibson might start suffering from e.g. depression due to his inability to perform certain activities (especially if it turns out that he is incapable of performing everyday activities). However, as it was mentioned, currently the patient stays motivated. It is important to support him via e.g. occupational therapy, and, of course, various types of encouragement and motivation (Carey, 2011); the OT might also allow him to restore some of his lost abilities, if he has lost any. Pharmacologic Treatment Plan for Charles Gibson T he offered medications are as follows:Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Metformin 1000 mg PO every 12 hours – an anti-diabetic drug that is often used for overweight people. We would recommend using this medication, but monitoring the levels of sugar in blood. The patient had bad dietary habits, and now his diet has completely changed; it is necessary to check whether the dose is adequate. The levels of sugar should be checked until the patient starts having a (relatively) stable diet (currently, it is being considered whether to move him from nectar-thick foods to soft diet). Enteric coated aspirin 81 mg PO every day – lowers the chances of blood clot formation. Use, but monitor the possibility of hemorrhagic stroke, for it may increase due to aspirin (Doutremepuich, Aguejouf, Desplat, Eizayaga, 2012). Also, ensure that the patient is not aspirin-resistant (Topà §uoglu, Arsava, Ay, 2011); if he is, the aspirin may be replaced by e.g. warfarin. Persantine (dipyridamole) 75 mg PO every day – also lowers the chance of blood clot f ormation. Administering it with aspirin means that if one of the medications is ineffective, the other will have an impact. However, perhaps it would be reasonable to start giving them gradually, not on the same day, to see whether they produce an effect. It also should be noted that if aspirin is ineffective, dipyridamole can be combined with warfarin. Losartan 75 mg PO every day – used for hypertension. The patient needs some hypertension medications, and Losartan is an appropriate choice. Amiodarone 200 mg PO every day – an anti-arrhythmic drug. The patient had atrial fibrillation when he arrived at hospital, but currently he has a normal sinus rhythm, and it is uncertain whether this condition will relapse again. On the other hand, atrial fibrillation, if it was persistent, may have damaged the tissues of the heart, making a relapse more likely (Kowey, Mohmand-Borkowski, Burke, 2011, pp. 33-39), which is especially dangerous after a stroke, because strokes also of ten relapse (Ostwald, Godwin, Ye, Cron, 2013). So perhaps it is justified to give him Amiodarone, especially when the dose is not high – 200 mg daily. We could also recommend using: d-amphetamine, 10 mg once every four days for 10 sessions, in conjunction with physical therapy. It is stated that some experiments have shown positive results in patients with motor impairments and aphasia after a stroke (Stein, Harvey, Winstein, Zorowitz, Wittenberg, 2015, ch. 12). This treatment may be offered to Mr. Gibson as experimental. Nurse Educator’s Role in Developing Students The nurse educator plays an important role in developing student’s professionalism. Apart from advancing their knowledge by providing theoretic information, the nurse educator has to develop the student’s practical skills of caring for the patients, and develop their abilities so they may use them effectively in the clinical setting. In other words, the nurse educator has to link the medi cal and nursing theory with the clinical practice, develop the learners’ natural abilities, and boost their passion for caring for patients. Critical thinking in nursing comprises the use of logic and intellect in combination with the analysis of the data from the current research to provide patients with the care and medical assistance of the highest quality. The nurse has to be clear and precise in their judgments to eliminate possible mistakes or irrelevant information when caring for their patients. To develop critical thinking, clinical judgment, and innovative communication in their students, nurse educators may use two following strategies: 1. Give the students tasks which require self-reliant research and analysis. For instance, it is possible to give the students case studies with imaginary patients who have diseases that the learners have not studied before (but, clearly, they must have enough background knowledge to figure it out). The students will learn to act in a situation when they have to gather information about a disease unknown to them (using the innovative means of communication, for instance, by searching medical databases), combine it with their current knowledge (develop critical thinking), and prescribe the treatment for the patient (use clinical judgment). 2. Another option is to create a â€Å"role game† where a nurse has to deal with a patient (who has a disease that requires the nurse to look for new data to treat it properly), as well as with other individuals involved in the process of treating and caring: relatives, multiple physicians, other nurses. This situation contains the benefits of the previous approach, developing the critical thinking, clinical judgment, and innovative communications skills in the same way, but it also adds additional practice of clinical judgment, for the nurse has to take into account the wishes, attitudes, and opinions of the other parties. To realize this method in practice, it is pos sible to use the virtual reality. Conclusion To sum up, we have studied the case of Charles Gibson, evaluated his physical assessments, described the pathophysiological mechanisms of his disease, and provided pharmacological options for his treatment. We have also explained the role of a nurse educator in the nurse teaching process. It is important to stress that understanding patients on an in-depth levels helps the nurse educator develop their students’ skills by e.g. showing how important the information and attitudes of the patients are for their treatment. References Carey, L. M. (Ed.). (2011). Stroke rehabilitation: Insights from neuroscience and imaging. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Doutremepuich, C., Aguejouf, O., Desplat, V., Eizayaga, F. X. (2012). Paradoxical effect of aspirin. Thrombosis, 2012, 1-4. doi:10.1155/2012/676237 Edjoc, R. K., Reid, R. D., Sharma, M., Fang, J. (2013). The prognostic effect of cigarette smoking on stroke severity, disability, l ength of stay in hospital, and mortality in a cohort with cerebrovascular disease. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 22(8), e446-e454. Web. Hewitt, J., Guerra, L. C., del Carmen Fernà ¡ndez-Moreno, M., Sierra, C. (2012). Diabetes and stroke prevention: A review. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2012(12), 1-6. doi:10.1155/2012/673187 Kowey, P., Mohmand-Borkowski, A., Burke, J. (2011). Clinical management of atrial fibrillation (1st ed.). West Islip, NY: Professional Communications. Ostwald, S. K., Godwin, K. M., Ye, F., Cron, S. G. (2013). Serious adverse events experienced by survivors of stroke in the first year following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Nursing, 38(2), 254-263. Web. Rodrà ­guez-Molinero, A., Narvaiza, L., Ruiz, J., Gà ¡lvez-Barrà ³n, C. (2013). Normal respiratory rate and peripheral blood oxygen saturation in the elderly population. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(12), 2238-2240. doi:10.1111/jgs.12580 Stein, J., Harvey, R. L., Winstein, C. J., Zorowitz, R. D., Wittenberg, G. (2015). Stroke recovery and rehabilitation (2nd ed.) [Google Books version]. Topà §uoglu, M. A., Arsava, E. M., Ay, H. (2011). Antiplatelet resistance in stroke. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11(2), 251-263. doi:10.1586/ern.10.203 ÃÅ"nlà ¼er, E. E., Yaka, E., Akhan, G., Limon, Ãâ€"., Kara, P. H., YavaÅŸi, Ãâ€".,†¦Kutluk, K. (2012). Ability of emergency physicians to detect early ischemic changes of acute ischemic stroke on cranial computed tomography. Medical Principles and Practice, 21(6), 534-537. Web. This assessment on Charles Gibson’s Case and the Role of a Nurse Educator in the Education of the Nursing Staff was written and submitted by user Parker Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.