Hydrostatic Pressure Vessel

Hydrostatic Pressure Vessel Nomenclature = radial stress = Hoop stress = axial stress Pi = internal pressure Po = external pressure ri = internal radius ro = external radius r = radius at point of interest (usually ri or ro) Delta L = Elongation = Deformation ID = inner dimeter of o-ring Gd = groove diameter Srec = stretch recommended Bd = Bore diameter GW = Groove width CS = cross section diameter C = recommended maximum compression (static)   Summary    A design of a thick vessel is created to measure the effects of hydrostatic pressure when operated in them. The methodology of calculating the stresses on thick walled cylinders is illustrated. A study of the radial and hoop stresses is progressed to find the required sizes of the vessel to operate without a failure under 30 MPa pressure. The bolts are designed to handle the load on the vessel to keep the vessel in one place without moving. The force in the vessel is measured to find the correct bolts that will keep the vessel fixed and safe. A sealing technology study is described to understand how to measure the correct dimension of the o-ring to process the test without air leakage from the entry of vessel. The groove in the vessel was measured to stretch the o-ring designed in a correct manner so the pressure hand move in and out sealed. The calculations in this report are tested mathematically in an academic manner for the design to be brought to life with high efficiency. Introduction In the field of science experimenting, it is necessary to test the efficiency of a specific design, because all products of same function have different specifications and differ in quality. At the same time the true specification of a design can alter its efficiency. Therefore, the best product must be created with real specific measurements that lead to its perfection. It is found that there are three important features of the pressure vessel. Firstly, the shape of the vessel which presents the equations used to study the impact of pressure in them. Secondly, the material used must be chosen correctly to prevent any danger if vessel fails. Finally, the safety is the most important feature in a pressure vessel hence it is important to choose the correct bolts that will keep the vessel fixed at a point. In addition to designing the desired sealing technology of the vessel to keep the air pressure tight in the vessel without any leakage. Companies, industries and labs usually use hydrostatic pressure on a specimen to figure out it properties which allow us to understand the standards of the material. Using hydrostatic pressure is a safe and effective process which helps us to understand more about failure of objects under pressure and the effect of hydrostatic pressure. There are a few different techniques used to measure the failure of a test, for ex ample, when a hydrostatic test is proceeding it is known that if air starts leaking from the vessel, this would be considered as a failed test. Thick walled cylinders nature is that they handle more pressure. Under high pressure, the wall might explode and cause failure thus is it important to dimension right size for the thickness of the cylinder before manufacturing the cylinder for hydrostatic testing. Measuring variables such as, hoop, radial, and axial stresses will be discussed and progressed for the vessel designed in this report. The bolts used are entitled to a high load of pressure which is possible to cause a failure if there was no study taken before using these specific bolts that have this mechanical specification. A study on the strength of the bolt is being used and will be illustrated later in the report. Basically, this report will show a study on how to design the required cylinder and bolts to process a safe hydrostatic test. As the design of the vessel will be illustrated to understand the image of the design and its dimensions. Which will lead to an understanding on how to design a specified thick cylin der to process an internal pressure and a hydraulic press to test a specimen hydrostatically. Aim of the Project The project aim to design a device to measure the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the fracture toughness of the device. It is found that the device required must handle conditions of 30 MPa pressure thus thick walled cylinder is needed. The importunacy of this project is to create a design that meets the required conditions for it to function plus applying correct methods and calculations for it to function. Hydrostatic pressure Hydrostatic pressure test is latest style of testing the ability of fracture toughness of a vessel without causing harm. Hydrostatic test of vessels requires gas or water filled into the vessel if the fracture toughness of vessel is about to crack, the resistance of air reduces the explosion as they resist the inner pressure that causes the failure. Less energy is released when fracture is about to take place LT (2016). Air is a fair medium that is used for a hydrostatic test. Air is less expensive than oil and it has an easier method than water for a test. The sample will not get harmed after the test. When a failure occurs, it means that the vessel does not meet the standard and this failure can be shown when the durability fails and air begins to leak. It is important to assure the leak prevention, reliability, and safety of the pressure test. There are two methods of testing hydrostatic and pneumatic. Air is used as a medium of the hydrostatic test Arshad Mahmud (2012). The hydrostatic test measures the elastic deformation of a metal and its ability to get back to it is formal shape. Air is a safe medium as it is can compressed like water. When a cylinder blows out, air will leak which is safer than using other material due its possibility to be highly explosive. Pressure vessel Pressure Vessel is a tank that is designed to contain gases or liquids at different pressure limits. The pressure or temperature drops can be dangerous; this can cause an explosion which can injure anyone near the vessel. Thus, when designing a pressure vessel legal commands must be taken to create a vessel that is safe to perform its task. History of pressure vessels started in 1495 when Leonardo Da Vinci designed a vessel. The major problems that occurred were mainly explosions because of leakage of compressed gas or liquid, and if a fire was burning near. Engineers created safety factors as measurements of safety of pressure vessels LT (2016). Pressure vessels are used in many applications, for example, in compressed air receivers, hot water storage tank, compression chambers, mining operations and nuclear reactor vessels. A cylinder is the usual shape that is used for hydrostatic testing. It has good maintenance because it is checked every five years for public safety. When the device gets cold when in storage, fatigue might occur hence the importance of the maintenances. However, hard steel responds to it properties to handle in high pressures. Steel also provides controlled and safe environment to prevent any explosion that is possible to harm people. Shape of the vessel Cylinders have an ideal shape because it is easy to analyze when in operation and are easily made. This makes cylindrical vessels the cheapest in cost and most effective. Even though the cylinder is the ideal shape for the vessel, it comes with a few disadvantages, for example, the bigger the diameter, the more expensive the construction of the cylinder would be. The ideal size for a cylindrical vessel is 8cm, this is to avoid inspections and testing issues RR (2012). In this case, the maximum internal pressure chosen is 30MPa which allow us to design a thick-walled cylinder. Equation, and variables of thick walled cylinder will be illustrated in this report, based on them a design of a vessel will be created for hydrostatic testing. Thick Walled Cylinders There are a lot of examples for thick cylinder such as, guns, hydrostatic testing device, and high pressure hydraulic pipes. Thick cylinders are entitled to internal and external pressure. The wall thickness is large and the stress across the thickness is notable. Stresses in this case are solved by using specific boundary conditions, compatibility, and equilibrium. The problem of thick walled cylinders is that they are entitled to high pressure and temperature which is possible at constant or changing duration. The usual problem is ductile fracture of the material which is because of the geometry or the properties of the material. The real analysis of a thick cylinder is dependent on the radial and hoop stress caused by the internal pressure which stand up to the yield strength of the material. Equilibrium equation is important because we need it to relate stresses to strains and strains to displacement d(sr) / dr + sr sh / r = 0. Compatibility equations; Thick walled cylinders have three main mechanical stresses. To design a thick, cylinder the thickness of the wall should be more than 1/10 of the greatest diameter of the cylinder: 1-Hoop Stress 2-Radial Stress 3-Axial Stress (2017) Thick walled cylinder The boundary conditions of a thick-walled cylinder are: Thin surface is, at and outer surface is, at Thus -pi = A (B / ri^2) and -po = A (B / ro^2) Variables can be seen in figure 1.1, Figure 1.1 shows location of the variables (2017) Thick walled cylinder A and B in the simultaneous equations above when applied to the boundary conditions above, two constant equations for A and B will be concluded; Now, to find the final general equation, Lames equation is included thus the hoop stress and radial stress will be; (2017) Thick walled cylinder the axial stress on the case of the cylinder designed bellow which a closed end is calculated by means of equilibrium which is reduced to as shown above. Maximum shear stress follow that stresses on the cylinder at any point on the wall are principal stresses. Thus, the maximum shear stress at any point will be given by the equation of Tresca theory, Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) Material of the vessel Pressure vessel are mainly made from steel. Rolling or forging is used to make out the shape out of the vessel. Current standards use steel to impact resistance which increases the mechanical strength. Steel is the most important material for engineering and construction in the world. Steel has a great resistance to corrosion because of its formability and durability, high tensile and yield strength and is very effective for thermal conductivity. Stiffness, ductility and yield strength are measured using tensile stress test. Impact test used to figure out the toughness and hardness of surface resistance Total Material (2016). -Yield strength of steel is 260MPa -Young modulus is between 210 GPa (Stiffness better three times than aluminum) -density of 7.7/8.1(kg/dm3) -Poissons ratio 0.30 -Thermal conductivity 11.2/48.3(W/mK) -Thermal expansion 9/27(10-6/K) Total Material (2016). Safe tank to perform a hydrostatic test must remain sealed. Lip seal technology is used in this system. O-ring were created to prevent any leakage when hydraulic hand is inserted into the chamber. A hydrostatic test should meet these requirements of the vessel to remain testing of pressure safe. Calculations Results: First, the maximum pressure that will cause yield at the internal surface of the vessel will be calculated, using the hoop and radial stresses to find the maximum shear strength and the yield strength. The equations will be used are explained in thick-walled cylinder section which are the hoop and radial stresses. In addition to the maximum shear strength equation and yield equation which will be mentioned in the following; Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) Secondly, the elongation equation will be used to determine the size of the deformation; Delta(L) = deformation(z) * L (L) is the height of the internal cut which has a height of 0.210m Deformation(z) v = passions ratio E = the young modulus k is the ratio of external diameter on the internal diameter ro/ri First the hoop and radial stresses must be calculated hence the hoop stress equation is pi = 30MParo = 0.210m k = 2.625ri = 0.08m hoop stress is = 145.67MPausing hoop stress equation above. pi = 30MParo = 0.210m k = 2.625ri = 0.08mk = ro / ri The radial stress is = -(108.75 MPa)but r = -piusing radial stress equation above. The yield equation is pi = 30*10^6 k = 2.625using the yield equation above. = 70.18 MPa Since the yield strength of the steel is 260Mpa and it is greater than the yield at 70.18MPa pressure then the measurements of the vessel appear to be able to handle an extra 190MPa on the system before it begins to fail. The maximum shear strength Tresca is      = Since hoop and radial stresses are found, maximum shear stress can be calculated. = 145.67MPa = 108.75MPa= 70.18MPa Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) Now finding the Elongation which has the equation Delta(L) =* L = (1 2v) * pi / E (k^2 1) = (1 2 * 0.3) * 30*10^6 / 210*10^9 * (2.625^2 1) = 9.7*10^-6 v = passions ratio of steel pi = internal pressure E = the young modulus of steel k is the ratio of external diameter on the internal diameter ro/ri Deformation= 9.7 *10^-6m Since, Delta(L) = defamation(z) * L Then, L = Length of the cylinder which is = 0.21m. See figure (3). Elongation is 9.7 * ^-6 * 0.21 = 2.037 *10^-6m from Elongation equation above Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) Bill of Materials (6) (4) (1) (3) (5) (2) Item Number Description quantity Material (1) Vessel 1 Steel (2) O-Ring 1 Rubber (3) M14 Bolts 6 Steel (4) M12 Bolts 4 Steel (5) Pressure hand 1 Steel (6) Holding Stick 1 Steel The Design and assembly procedure A hydrostatic pressure device was designed to measure the pressure. This tank is to be attached to the hydraulic machine. Measurement of the machine were taken to design the vessel. The purpose of this device in figure (1) is to ensure that pressure tests are maintained safely and properly. This design is measured to handle pressure between 0MPa to 70MPa. The test will be progressed at 30 MPa. The material used is steel. The design contains six different main parts as shown in figure (1). This section will provide dimension and function of each part. Figure (1) Vessel Components (Exploded View) The size and the thickness are very important factors when designing a safe vessel. Figure (2) shows the circular diameter of the head of the vessel which is 21cm and that it was extruded to 34cm. Figure (2) is also a cross sectional view of the final shape of the vessel.The thichness of the wall surrounding the chamber is 6.5cm and the bottom has a thickness of 7cm. Figure (3) shows the dimsion of the chamber which is a cylinder of 8cm diameter and length of 21cm. This area is where it is expected to place the specimen. The specimen size is measured to be 20*50*4mm Figure (2) Dimension (1)Figure (3)Chamber dimensions The mechanism that will hold the vessel is smart. Figure (4) shows a diameter of a cut of 5.1 cm and 6.5 high. This area is meant to be placed into the bottom holding hand of the hydraulic machine in the Ashby building. Where the vessel has an extrusion of 27cm and height of 5cm and was created as a base of vessel as shown in figure (5). Figure (4) Bottom hand holder Figure (5) shows the base diameter and height Figure (6) shows that the base cylinder has 6 holes of M14 size. These holes were created to be tighten up with bolts of M14 shown in figure (7) on the table of the hydraulic machine. Six bolts are created and can be seen in figure (6). Figure-(6) M14 holes x6 Specification of the Bolts (F = P x A),which means that the force is equal to the pressure multiplied by the area. Figure (3) shows the internal diameter of the vessel which is 0.08m. (a = pi x (d)^2 / 4) is used to calculate the area of a cylinder, which means that (pi x (0.08m)^2 / 4) = (50.03*10^-3 m^2). The maximum pressure will be tested is 30 MPa. Since pressure is 30MPa and area is (5.03*10^-3 mm^2). then as they multiplied to bring a force of 150 kN. This means that thetotal force in the cylinder is equal to 150 kN. The question here is that will the bolts in figure (7) and (8) M14, M12 handle 150 kN of force. The research on the metric bolts shows the ability of each size of the bolts. It was shown that M14 bolt has a load proof of 66.7 kN. Figure (6) shows that there are 6 bolts of M14 is used. Now, the total force applied is divided by the number of the bolts to show the required ability of the bolts. (150 kN / 6 = 25 kN) which means that the system requires six bolts that each of them can handle 25 kN of force Metric Bolts (2016). Above it is mentioned that the load proof of each of the M14 bolts is 66.7 kN which means that a total of six M14 bolts will provide an ability of 400 kN, 400 kN of force can handle 150 kN of applied force. In brief, the bolts used in the system in figure (11) meet the requirement of the study which is 30 MPa. To ensure the safety of fixing the vessel to the machine, four M12 bolts were added. M12 bolt figure (8) has a load proof of 48.9 kN, Total load proof of four bolts is equal to 195.6 kN which has a good impact on keeping the vessel safe from any danger of being rapidly moved away from it fixed point. Eventually, the total ability of the bolts is equal to 595.6 kN which are designed to prevent the vessel from any possible danger of a maximum pressure load of 150 kNMetric Bolts (2016). Figure (7) M14 Bolt x6 Figure (1) shows 4 holes created on top of the vessel. They are M12 holes created to increase stability of the vessel and more safety in case of the vessel left it place. Bolts of M12 were created to have a length of 39cm as shown figure (8). Calculations above are measurements of parts in figure (1) . Ten bolts, 4 of M12 and 6 of M14 are attached to the base of hydraulic machine. Finally, a hydrostatic test can be done safely.   Figure (8) Long M12 bolts x4 Sealing Technology O-ring is a mechanical gasket in a shape of loop with a diameter that is made of rubber. It is designed to be fitted at circler cut which means that an o-ring will be compressed during work. It is expected to seal a joint of two parts. One mechanical benefit of the o-rings is to seal a moving hand through a vessel without an air leakage. Thus, a specific design of an o-ring will be designed to be fitted at the entry gate of the vessel for the hand to enter the vessel without air leaking (efunda) 2017. Figure (5) shows the place of the o-ring. The thickness of the o-ring is calculated to be 0.84 mm and the inner diameter of the o-ring is measured to be 79.46 mm. The o-ring designed can be seen in figure (10). Figure (9) shows the grave and the dimension of the O-ring. An o-ring is meant to be attached in this system. The groove was measured to be 4 cm away from the top of the vessel in the chamber section. The groove diameter was calculated to be 8.1 cm and the width of the groove is 1.15 mm. As hydraulic hand enters the chamber, it will pass through three rubber bands that reduces the area of the chamber making it tighter for the hand to be inserted without any leakage outside the system PS (2016). The design of the grave and the o-ring must be studied before they are designed. To design a sealing technology there are a few variables to know to create it. These variables are the bore dimeter of the outside radius, the groove diameter of the inside radius and the groove width of the axial length. The maximum stretch of the 0-ring should not be more than 5% of the grove size (efunda) 2017. Calculations of the O-ring and Results ID is the inner diameterof the o-ring and can be found if Srec the recommended stretchischosen and the groove diameter Gd the groove diameter can also be found when this equation is used; Srec = 2% ID = Gd * (1 Srec) then, ID = Gd * (0.98). The stretch of the o-ring is to make the o-ringstay at the groove tightly without falling out (efunda). ID = (39.94 * 2) 0.42 = 79.46 mm ID = 79.46mm Gd = ID / 0.98 Gd = 79.46 / 0.98 = 81mm Gd = 81mm Cross sectional Diameter (CS) of the o-ring: O-ring will be compressed in radial direction when it is attached to the groove. As the cross section of the ring is compressed between groove and bore diameter then the cross-sectional diameter must be more the depth of the groove. Which means that CS > Gd ID / 2 (efunda) 2017. CS = Gd ID / 2 = 81mm- 79.46mm / 2 = 0.77mm As CS must be > than 0.77mm then CS = 1mm C is the recommended maximum compression is 40% and must be for the ring to be compressed. The recommendation of C depended on the seal kind. Static seals do not require an axial movement in the bore(efunda) 2017. Groove Width in the Vessel (GW) = When the ring is compressed horizontally it will expand vertically. The material of the ring will be helpful to be compressed effectively. However, the groove width should be about 1.5 by the cross sectional of the o-ring diameter and this to stretch the ring vertically (efunda) 2017. GW = CS * (1.5) = 1mm * 1.5mm = 1.5mm. Figure (9) Section Cut shows the position and size of the Groove width and diameter Figure (10) O-ring CS dimeter and radius (r) Figure (11) Final Product (Thick walled Vessel) Discussion Thick Walled cylinders handle high pressures with least effects on the vessel and remain safe for future use. The deformation possible in the vessel is calculated to find the amount of elongation (the change in formation or length in an object). The elongation value is 0.002mm which is proper. The maximum pressure in the vessel is 30MPa hence finding the hoop and radial stresses to find the shear stress of the vessel and compare it with the yield strength of the vessels material and it dimensions. Therefore, the stresses applied at different sections in the chamber are calculated above and hoop stress is found to be 145.67MPa and radial stress is 108.7MPa. The maximum shear stressin the vessel is calculated from the hoop and radialstresses and it is found to be 70.18 MPa. Based on Total Material (2016) the yield strength of steel is 260 MPa. Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) have stated that if yield strength of material is bigger than the shear stress calculated in the vessel then the vessel is safe when pressure applied. The Bolts are designed to handle keep the vessel fixed on the ground of the hydraulic machine. The total force initiated in the vessel is calculated and found to be 150kN thus the required bolts are must have a higher force than 150kN. The six M14 bolts used can handle force of 400kN and this enough for the vessel to function safely. Finally, the sealing technology, the o- ­ring is designed to keep the vessel sealed when it is preforming. (efunda) 2017 stated that the maximum recommended stretch of an o- ­ring is 5% and the designed o- ­ring has a stretch of 2%. The groove width is 8.1cm, cal culated using 2% max. stretch and an inner diameter of 7.94cm. The CS diameter o- ­ring is 1mm, which must be higher than the calculatedCS diameter which is 0.77mm. Hence, the

The Self-destructive Relationship in Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuther

On the face of it, it would seem that the relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff is self-destructive to an extreme. Due to the lovers’ precarious circumstances, passionate personalities and class divisions, it seems that fate transpires to keep them apart and therefore the hopelessness of their situation drives them to self destruction. However, although the relationship is undeniably self-destructive, there are elements within it that suggest the pain Heathcliff and Catherine put each other through is atoned for to an extent when they share their brief moments of harmony. Catherine is trapped between her love of Heathcliff and her love for Edgar, setting the two men down a path of destruction, a whirlwind of anger and resentment that Catherine gets caught in the middle of. Catherine is drawn to Heathcliff because of his fiery personality, their raw attraction and one certainly gets the sense that they are drawn together on a deeper level, that perhaps they are soulmates. C. Day Lewis thought so, when he declared that Heathcliff and Catherine "represent the essential isolation of the soul...two halves of a single soul–forever sundered and struggling to unite." This certainly seems to be backed up in the novel when Catherine exclaims â€Å"Nelly, I am Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind--not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being...† This shows clearly the struggle Catherine feels as she is drawn spiritually to Heathcliff, but also to Edgar for very different reasons. Edgar attracts Cath erine predominantly because he is of the right social class. Catherine finds him "handsome, and pleasant to be with," but her feelings for him seem petty when compared to the ones she harbours... ...ctive. Catherine is pushed to death and Heathcliff to brutal revenge, bordering on the psychotic. Yet before Cathy’s death, the knowledge that the other loves them is strong enough to make Wuthering Heights such a classic love story, and â€Å"that old man by the kitchen fire affirming he has seen two of 'em looking out of his chamber window, on every rainy night since his death,† shows that as they walk together on the moors, their self destruction may have led them to death, but also to what they most desired-being together. Works Cited - MLA Format Bronte, Emily. Wuthering Heights. London: Dover Publications, 1996. Chatterjee, Praving. Emily Bronte. September 28, 2013. Web 22 Apr. 2015. https://emilybronteparminder.wordpress.com/2013/09/28/brontes-contributions/ Wikipedia. Emily Bronte. Web 22 Apr. 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB

Wisdom of Parents in the Poem, Photograph of My Father In His Twenty-Second Year :: Photograph of My Father In His Twenty-Second Year

Wisdom of Parents in the Poem, Photograph of My Father In His Twenty-Second Year We have all grown up hearing our parent's advice "Do as I say, not as I do". When your parents give this advice you do not always listen at first, but later on in life you may catch yourself using it. I believe it is very important value, respect and listen to what your parent's say; their experience with life is their major tool in shaping their children into adults. Parents have lived life longer than their children that is a fact. And what they have gained is wisdom. Through out their lives they have learned from their personal experience and can use these experiences to try and guide their children in the right direction in a similar experience. In the poem "A Song In The Front Yard" (Gwendoly Brooks, Bridges 44) it gives us a picture of a child wanting to explore more of the world than her parents think she should. "I've stayed in the front yard all my life,"(Line 1) this line tells us that the child was a little sheltered. Not able to go out of the front yard the child was kept in away from the rest of the world. "I want a peek at the back" (Line 2) in this line the child wants to explore more than just the front yard, just to go into the back yard would be great. "To where the charity children play. I want a good time today. They do some wonderful things. They have some wonderful fun. (Lines 8-10) In these lines they show how the child sees the surroundings outside the fence. The child sees that the other children are doing fun things that the child wishes he or she could do. He or she sees the activities of the other children as wonderful. The other children are probably doing things that the child in the front yard doesn't get to do. "My mother sneers, but I say it's fine how they don't have to go in at quarter to nine. My mother, she tells me that Johnnie Ma will grow up to be a bad woman." (Lines 11-14) In these lines the poet depicts the mother's feelings of the other children. She doesn't think that they are the best crowd for her child to be influenced by or maybe the activities they are doing are quite appropriate.

Professional Ethics and Toxic Waste Essay

1.Discuss why Rachel has an ethical responsibility to take some action about her suspicion of the illegal dumping of toxic wastes. Rachel has an ethical responsibility to take some action about her suspicion of the illegal dumping of toxic wastes because it is illegal to begin with and even though it might only be a suspicion, if it turns out to be true, under the eyes of the law if she knew about it and did nothing, she is just as guilty as the responsible parties. She might be working for a very prominent firm but if her suspicions turn out to be true, the minute those news go public the firm’s reputation will definitely suffer as will the firms employees. No employee wants to have to suffer the consequences of a wrong doing by the upper management of any firm and even more if the actions taken by the upper management are strictly illegal and they are knowingly performing such actions. Having found such incriminating note directed to the plants general manager and doing nothing about it is like saying you are ok with the illegal activities that you think might be taking place. Rachel is the director of financial reporting, this will be a person of interest in case an investigation takes place and if the investigation finds that she knew what was going on and did nothing, it will put her in a very bad position regarding the law and future employment. Rachel definitely has an ethical responsibility to take actions in regards to her findings. 2.For each of the three alternative courses of action, explain whether the action is appropriate. †¢Seek the advice of her boss, the vice president of finance for Alberta: This would be an appropriate action to take. Even though she might not know if her boss is directly involved in the situation, going to him with the concern is proof enough that she cares about her company and doing the right thing. If her boss is not involved she might even be somehow recognized as an example employee for going forward with such information and doing the right thing. †¢Anonymously release the information to the local newspaper: Releasing the information to the news anonymously is always an option even though for her specific case I would not recommend it. She has no proof that her suspicions are in fact taking place and it would be very irresponsible on her part to say her company is doing something as illegal as improperly dumping toxic waste on purpose just to save some money. †¢Give the information to an outside member of Alberta’s board of directors, whom she knew because he lived in her neighborhood: Again, releasing such information to an outsider without knowing if it’s true or not, might be irresponsible on her part because from that point on it would only be one step for a company outsider to make the information public without knowing the facts. Since in this case the outsider is a member of the board of directors, she could contact that person if she feels comfortable with him in order to discuss her findings privately. That way she is also showing her commitment to doing the right thing for her company and shows her concern to do right by her as an employee. 3.Assume that Rachel sought the advice of the vice president of finance and discovered that he both knew about and approved of the dumping of toxic wastes. What steps should she take to resolve the conflict in this situation? If Rachel sought the advice of the vice president of finance and discovered that he both knew about and approved of the dumping of toxic wastes I’m sure she will have a conversation with her regarding what she just found. Rachel will have to see what he has to say about the toxic waste dumping and then make a decision regarding the confirmation of her findings. That decision might range from leaving the company and not reporting the incident, to staying as an employee and going directly to the appropriate agencies and reporting her findings. Whatever Rachel decides to do, she still has an ethical obligation to report her company’s illegal activities be it to her superiors or to an agency like for example the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant

As you requested, this report provides an analysis of the problems within Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant along with recommendations on what can be done to resolve these problems.Jose’s Authentic Mexican RestaurantJose’s is a traditional Mexican style restaurant located on the edge of a large metropolitan area in New England. The restaurant is decorated with Mexican culture from adobe walls and Spanish-Mexican furniture to mariachi background music. Customers enter through a small vestibule that opens into the dining area, which can create chaos on Friday and Saturday nights when waits are as long as 45 minutes. On top of the wait, the cook is receiving lower quality food than previously causing 12 minute prep time for meals to become 20 minutes or more.AnalysisThere is beginning to be a change within the restaurant that is affecting customer reviews. Customers would like to be seated promptly, served in a reasonable amount of time, and an improved dining exp erience for the cost. On the weekends customers may have to wait for up to 45 minutes without having a waiting room to sit in. A comfortable and relaxing waiting room may help customers feel more invited to the restaurant and enjoy their wait. Customers not being served in a reasonable amount of time can be very frustrating. After sitting longer than expected the customers may not be as hungry anymore or may be tired of waiting for an extended period of time. Also, the issue with being served in a reasonable amount of time and believing that the dining experience was not worth the cost may result from the same issue of the quality of food being delivered.RecommendationsThere are multiple alternatives to the issues that Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant is currently experiencing. Expanding, creating carry-out, and increasing food quality are all alternatives to fix issues within the restaurant. The most important is food quality. Food quality will enhance the time to be serv ed and the experience for the cost. Finding another food source will make an instant and dramatic change to how the customers feel and how the employees are tipped. Overall business will increase and the other issues can be corrected as the future arrives.

Non-traditional vs Traditional Architecture

Introduction to the History of Western Architecture August 26, 2013 Final Written Assignment Non-traditional (Billingsgate) And Traditional Architecture (Batcher Mansion) On our way home from dropping the kids off at the mid-point between Albany and Hilton Head Island my wife and I decided to deviate from driving through the 1-95 route we normally take. Making the better choice to travel through the beautiful countryside of Pennsylvania saved us countless hours of never ending traffic. As we rolled through the countryside of the historic state we had to make a couple of stops.At one of the stops we picked up a Pennsylvania vacation guide. Once home I took a few minutes to browse through the guide. To my delight I found two places I would like to visit the next time we drive through Pennsylvania. One is not what you think. The first place I put on our agenda the next time through the Keystone State is a model train barn with miles of track. As a beginning enthusiast of model railroadi ng I took interest in what the Coho Coho Barn has to offer. The next item on our agenda would have to be Billingsgate (Figure 1) in Mill Run, PA, roughly 60 miles southeast of Pittsburgh.Billingsgate is an architectural marvel designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, arguably America's most famous architect and as luck would have it is one of the architects mentioned in the module assignment. Wright designed the house for his clients, the Kaufmann family and was completed by 1939. Edgar Kaufmann was a businessman and philanthropist. The family owned Kaufmann Department Store in the sass's which now part of the Macy's chain. Mr.. Kaufmann and his wife, Lillian, had one son, Edgar Jar. The Kauffmann used Billingsgate as a mountain retreat like many other Pittsburghers.They could hike in the forest, swim and fish in the streams, go horseback riding, and do other outdoor activities. Following true to their philanthropy, the Kauffmann became acquainted with the Conservancy when they were involved with the early acquisition of Friendlier Peninsula, later to become the cornerstone of Peephole State Park. Their son, Edgar Kaufmann Jar. , commented on the importance of Billingsgate to Western Pennsylvania Conservancy Design & development when he said, Such a place cannot be possessed.It is a work of man for man; not by a man for a man. Over the years since it was built, Billingsgate has grown ever more famous and admired, a textbook example of modern architecture at its best. By its very intensity it s a public resource, not a private indulgence. Billingsgate came to the Conservancy with its buildings, collections and site intact. As stated by Loll in a travel log in 2005, Billingsgate is truly unique. The most notable feature was a series of cantilevered balconies protruding from every side and level of the house.In figure 2 large cantilever anchors are embedded in the rock. In breaking with traditional architecture Wright designed the house using the cantilevered system to su pport the structure. Since there was no visible support, they seemed to Just magically extend from the walls of the house. Frank Lloyd Wright believed in organic design, which meant that he wanted the structure to blend in and be a part of its surrounding environment. To accomplish this he used sandstone quarried right on the property so that it matched perfectly with the surrounding stone.The site Billingsgate pictures: photos of Kaufmann house above the waterfall, states beautifully the following with regards to figure 3: Notice that the warm glow from the interior lighting resonates with the autumn colors in this fall photo. Dramatic cantilevered terraces reflect the similar structure of he rock ledges below. Roomy terraces on either side of the living room on the main level, as well as the large terrace above it, create strong horizontal lines balanced by the almost unbroken vertical lines in the tower on the left (which in addition to stone columns over 10 meters tall, has 3 st ories of floor-to-ceiling windows).These and many other clear horizontal and vertical lines in the house may be compared with the formation of the rock, with the horizontal and vertical of ground and trees, and with the water moving horizontally in the stream (Bear run) and vertically as â€Å"falling eater† in the form of waterfalls (visible in the photo and downstream Just out of view in this photo). The falls visible in the photo break at an angle, creating an illusion of water flowing out from beneath the middle of the house.The sound of the flowing water fills the house continuously. The website Billingsgate pictures: also states the following about figure 4: There is no grand front entrance, if that meaner big double doors flanked by decorations and symbolizing the barrier between outside and inside. Rather, the continuity of inside and outside is emphasized, in keeping with the theme of a ruinous and natural relationship to the setting.Other examples of this, besides e verything mentioned above, include windows wrapping all the way around 3 sides of the huge living room, and at the corners where two window panes meet – here and at other places in the house such as the west tower (as well as in other Frank Lloyd Wright houses) – there are no bulky vertical support beams. The Kaufmann house affectionately known as Billingsgate is non-traditional architecture if the definition of traditional architecture is simply that which is having historical precedent and ornamental design.As I look at each photo of the structure I am immersed in the beauty of the simplistic lines and the sense of airiness and the manner in which it appears to float over the waterfall. Additionally, I feel a sense of calm and a desire to find more photos. This building has made its own historical precedent in the way it uses nature as its filler while using strong steel as the roots that allow the building to stand freely amongst the trees. When it comes to traditio nal architectural form, The Batcher Mansion Inn stands as one of the premier examples. The Batcher Mansion is a stately and renowned Saratoga Inn, with quite a history.This elaborate Victorian home turned inn sits in historic Saratoga Springs, NY. As it is put into words by the Innkeeper on the Inn's website: One of the outstanding landmarks of Saratoga Springs, it is an architectural pastiche of High Victorian Eclecticism combining French Renaissance Revival, Delineate and Egyptian influences. It is crowned by a mansard roof and its tower is topped by the evocation off minaret. Built in 1873 by George Sherman Batcher, it still sits majestically on the corner of Circular Street and Whitney Place with a commanding mintage of Congress Park, the heart of historic Saratoga Springs.Resplendent with beautiful gardens, architectural detail and magnificent views, this Saratoga Bed and Breakfast now hosts guests in the timeless tradition of grace and ease, reminiscent of another century. The history lesson continues: George Sherman Batcher began life on July 25, 1837 in the tiny village of Photoelectrical, in the township of Edinburgh, Saratoga County. He was related to Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of Independence as well as to the great orator and statesman Daniel Webster. Batcher received his legal education at Harvard Law School where he received a AL.B in 1856, when at age 21 he was elected to the New York State Assembly he was at that time the youngest person yet elected. In 1861 he married Catherine Cook, daughter of the state's comptroller, and they had three children but only their daughter Kate, born May 19, 1870 survived infancy. It was in 1873 that Batcher commissioned the Albany, NY architectural firm of Nichols & Walcott to build the magnificent mansion at 20 Circular Street, which Batcher named Easer-el-Enough, Arabic for palace of pleasure. Built at a cost of $100,000. 0 its three floors contained, among other features, eleven bedrooms, fiv e bathrooms, two steam-vapor furnaces, a music room, a library, and was fully illuminated by gas light. Its large basement kitchen fed food to the butler's pantry off the formal dining room by dumbwaiters. The plans for the house were considered so unique and its modern features so effective that they were copyrighted. The intricate woodworking includes decorative molding and beautifully carved inlays, that when adding some gilded mirrors, furnishings of the period, Oriental USGS, and elegant chandeliers and the refurbishing is as close to the original as one can get.An excerpt from Saratoga Springs Crown Jewel Enlivens Upstate New York by Gail Rudder Kent on the Inn's website Handsome paneled wainscoting runs the length of the center hall, with a coffer ceiling; spectacular high-arched doorways that conceal imposing pocket doors lead from living room to library to dining room – framed and capped by intricate pediments with neoclassic details; tall recessed windows are Romane sque with ornamental cornices; and each capacious room is warmed by a fireplace of carved arable.The red-and-gray slate mansard roof in figure 10 is bifurcated by dormers, each accented by a huge clamshell arch; the ivory stucco facade is studded by a myriad of ornate bays and balustrade balconies, and, as if that weren't enough to impress, its conical tower resembling a minaret is right out of Arabian Nights. Our lives are vastly different today than 100 years ago when life was slower, less mobile and more lethargic. Our ancestors were not lazy nor were they boring. What happened is technology has advanced so much in the last 100 plus years that our ivies have gotten faster, increasingly mobile and definitely more dynamic.The advancement in technology has allowed us to make better and stronger materials for building. The innovation that comes with strength has allowed for the non-traditional architect and builder to plan and build more open floor plans with independent support for walls, flooring and roof tops. Strong traditional values continue to play a role in how an architect plans a design. Billingsgate will someday, if not already, become a traditional form with the straight lines and the use of nature as part of the structure.What Billingsgate lacks in satirical precedent is more than made up in the bold design and the manner of which Wright designed this classic non-traditional structure. When it comes to falling into the traditional form, the Victorian mansion designed by Nichols & Walcott for Batcher takes the cake. In this case tradition was dictated by society not so much as a â€Å"have to† but more as a â€Å"need to†. The grandiose nature of the structure was perfect amongst the wealthy and above nearly all people's financial meaner back in the late sass's. Though not as popular or noteworthy to the architectural world as Billingsgate, theBatcher Mansion is a notable location to stay for a weekend as a meaner to get away from the modern world and relish in a time long forgotten. An architect wants to make a name for them-self. The â€Å"need to† as dictated by society refers to the basics of form and technology of the era. What we find in the pyramids of Egypt, the Parthenon, Pantheon and others are worldwide awe inspiring works of art beyond their days in technology yet are the very reason why architects push the boundaries even with today's technological advancements. All buildings still need doors to enter into.

Disaster Recovery Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Disaster Recovery Plan - Term Paper Example This paper discusses disaster recovery plan in respect of Share Broking House. Disaster recovery plan in Share Broking House The disaster causing damages in an environment may be either temporary as in the case of Sandy storm or permanent as in the case of attack on World Trade Center. The planning for the latter one involves substantial capital investment for establishing the required facilities for continuity of the business in an alternative site. The geographical locations should be dispersed with sufficient distance between the head office and the alternate site proposed for disaster recovery plan. Disasters may be categorized into two types at company level based on the nature of damages: disaster causing damages to the system and disaster causing damages to the entire facilities and properties. Establishing disaster recovery system at a different site will take care of both the types of disasters. Since the business of share broking house under study is spread all over the cou ntry, the disaster recovery site should be away by more than 300 kilo meters from the head office, in another city which is not prone to earth quakes. Goals The important goals in installing the disaster recovery plan are given below: 1. Training the employees in the recovery activities anticipated. 2. Testing the system for compatibility in real-life situations. 3. Establishing the necessary back-up facilities to provide the best services at all times. 4. Putting alternate communication system in place in the event of disaster. 5. Mitigating the effects of the impacts in the event of disaster. Objectives 1. Ensuring normalcy in clearing and settlement operations in the business without loss of time. 2. Ensuring accessibility to staff for disaster recovery process. 3. Assessment of the financial and operational support needed for reporting to the banks and financial institutions. 4. Making arrangements for survey by insurance companies. 5. Coordination with the service providers and vendors in recovery process. 6. Early resumption of the disrupted business operations. 7. Keeping the customers informed of the situation. 8. Keeping the regulatory and local authorities informed of the extent of disaster and the progress of recovery process. Overview of the organization The organization needs to be studied and analyzed with particular reference to disaster management. The structure has been designed to meet the needs of the industry where the business is carried out online. There are more than 100 branches which are connected to the head office. There are more than 1000 terminals in head office and branch offices. The company appointed dealers place orders into the system as per the instructions received over phone or internet from the customers. Also, some of these terminals are allocated to the day traders for day-trading. The important tasks involved in the day-to-day operations can be classified into: 1) Buying and selling of shares and Securities including Fu tures and Options, 2) Transfer of Securities to the depositories, depository participants and customers, 3) Settlement of payments arising out of transactions