Capitalism Is Poor Writing And Too One Sided Essay

Now that the premise as to what these articles convey have been established, a proper analysis surrounding Caccavello’s piece is necessary. Once again, reserving the right to reiterate what the authors mention, free of opinion, only allows for a clearer, more concise argument. Firstly, the main quandary, I feel, that presents itself in Caccavello s work is that it is simply too abstract of a narrative to use as a description for the history of the global free-market. To just construct an entire entry without once including why said scholars might be such critiques of capitalism is poor writing and too one-sided. Not once in this article does Caccavello mention that any reason other than these people s disdain for economic inequality. This is not an adequate reason being most people (if not all logical, free-thinking people) are distraught about the state at which economic inequality exists. Moreover, the title within itself is a complete slap in the face! â€Å"Inequality, Poverty, â€Å"The Free Market† and Capitalism: the story of a wonderful success. How can one willingly classify a system, by which, people who are not offered equal opportunity, a success story? Looking through a lens of complete privilege is detrimental for those who are trying to make an argument that capitalism is something that we should restore so much of our faith in. Lest we forget, the model by which we view capitalism now was built on (and is still survived by) the backs of millions ofShow MoreRelatedErnesto Che Guevara1643 Words   |  7 PagesA. Plan of Investigation Question: Was Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara the revolutionary hero as depicted in today’s pop culture, or was he a vicious murderer, obsessed with the destruction of capitalism? Methods: This investigation will describe Che Guevara’s involvement in Latin American independence movements, focusing specifically on his involvement with Fidel Castro’s â€Å"26th of July† movement. His actions and words will be analyzed, and his conduct this period of political upheaval will be used as evidenceRead MoreKarl Marxs Views on Religion1903 Words   |  8 PagesKarl Marx has greatly influenced the creation of the modern world and was one of the first revolutionary communist. Through his literary works and philosophies he helped to inspire many 20th century communist regimes including the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, and North Korea. Marx’s ideas did not end at communism; his religious ideology also helped shape and mold the 20th century world. Karl Marx was born in 1818 in Trier, Germany and died in 1883. He was a philosopher who turned to economicsRead MoreMark Mazower : The Struggle For Supremacy Essay2456 Words   |  10 Pagesa brutal one for the continent. A common opinion, many have about this period is that despite all of the turmoil experienced throughout this period, including two world wars, the success of democracy as a style of government was never truly in doubt. This paper will go against this widely held belief, and argue that democracy’s success in this period was not written in stone. As Mark Mazower notes in his Dark Continent text the tale of democracy in the twentieth century, was not one of, an inevitableRead MoreMark Mazower : The Struggle For Supremacy Essay2463 Words   |  10 Pagesperiod was a brutal one for the continent. A common opinion, many have is that despite all of the turmoil experienced throughout this period, including two world wars, the success of democracy as a style of government was never truly in doubt. This paper will go against this widely held belief, and argue that democracy’s success in this period was not written in stone. As Mark Mazower notes in his Dark Continent text the tale of democracy in the twentieth century, was not one of, an inevitableRead MoreChe Guevara2292 Words   |  10 PagesChe Guevara The Major Figure of the Cuban Revolution I. Introduction A. Significance of the Subject B. Purpose and plan of the paper C. Thesis Statement: Che Guevara’s actions were driven by his two-sided mind. Che was a good-minded revolutionist with evil actions. II. Che Guevara’s starting ideas and believes A. Changes in his world views B. First ideas III. The beginning of the revolution A. Che’s impact on the revolution B. Che’s part of the rebel army C. Che’sRead MoreThe Decision Of Childhood Vaccination2130 Words   |  9 Pagesthe audience to empathise with anti-vaxxers, referencing the loaded past stereotypes of poor people as â€Å"diseased† and generating the apt metaphor of modern anti-vaxxers as a â€Å"modern strain of anti-vax†. The social ostracism forced upon those who stood for what they believed in, given via reasoning through a list of the â€Å"deeper political convictions† of anti-vaxxers in regards to the â€Å"onslaught of capitalism,† has a underlying pur[pose: It’s not just an objection to vaccination, possibly providingRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesThe exceptions to this are the two essays Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat and Towards a Methodology of the Problem of Organisation which were both written specially for this collection during a period of enforced leisure. They, too, are ba sed on already existing occasional pieces. Although they have now been partly revised, no systematic attempt has been made. to remove the traces of the particular circumstances in which they were written. In some cases a radical recasting ofRead MoreProfessional Ethics : The Connection Of The Accounting Calling3554 Words   |  15 Pagestransformed into such a genuine money related emergency, to the point that will without a doubt impact the world forever are presently centering their consideration on those being capable with exchanging these instruments. Under poor corporate administration settings one of the dangers that got to be evident from the above introduced discourse is that bookkeepers may be constrained by chiefs keeping in mind the end goal to present a reflection that is agreeable for the shareholders, yet at timesRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesMODERN HISTORY -2012 Topic one – USA 1919-1941 Topic two – conflict in the pacific Topic three – Douglas MacArthur Topic Four – World War I TOPIC ONE – USA 1919-1941 USA 1920’S * the radio age * felt like istory had turned a corner and never going back * stock market * black Thursday November 24 1929 * the jazz age * a speakeasyyyyyyy How significant were the Republican policies in causing the great depression? The significance of the republic policiesRead Moreâ€Å"Implicit† and â€Å"Explicit† Csr: a Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility13330 Words   |  54 Pagestheir input and support in developing the manuscript. We acknowledge constructive comments from Eva Boxenbaum, Thomas Dunfee, JeanPascal Gond, and Atle Midttun on earlier versions. We have presented these ideas at conferences, workshops, and seminars too numerous to mention. We would like to thank all those who contributed to the development of our argument. 1 By Europe, we refer to Scandinavia, the Benelux countries, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. Although

Hard Work or Luck Free Essays

MARIA HERRADON GARCIA â€Å"When people succeed in life, it is because of hard work. Being lucky has nothing to do with success in life† Everyone will agree that hard work is the main key to every step of success but luck has also some role to achieve those successes. So many people in this world work very hard but still do not meet their dreams and goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Hard Work or Luck or any similar topic only for you Order Now From my everyday experience and observation I can totally disagree with the statement. I think people should have good luck also to lead their hard work towards success. To be lucky in life you must have worked hard for it previously. There are very rare cases in hich people have accomplished their goals because of pure luck. You need to prepare your self. Since we are children we go to the school, to start feeding or minds with the basics. As we grow up we acknowledge more and more information that will be key in our lives, even if we don’t know it. Preparation is essential because in order to develop your ideas you need a background to support them. The important thing is to love what you are working on, because being passionate about your job will help you to rise your career and do greater things. You need to have dreams and goals in life even if they are rather mpossible but it is also good to settle some lower targets in a short period of time will help you to avoid fee ling deceived. Some great examples of hard workers that have received their rewards are Pedro Almodovar and Steve Jobs. Almodovar was born in Ciudad Real, so knowing the possibilities that Madrid could offer him he moved to the capital at the tender age of sixteen years old, all alone, without his family. He worked very hard to make his way into the movie industry and his talent wasn’t given an award until the release of â€Å"Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios†, eleven movies later, when he got his irst Goya. At the age of 50 he finally won an Academy Award, achieving the dream of any moviemaker. The case of Steve Jobs is the example that even when you have been defeated you must carry on and keep trying. When he was expelled from the company that he himself founded, Apple, he started a new company neXT that become so successful that Apple decided to buy it, so in the end he returned to his first company and as CEO he raised Apple to a worldwide level not known before. Those were examples of people that worked hard all their lives to be in their position, but there are other occasions in which people success ust because of their luck. To be one of those people, you have to be on the right place at the right time. You never know when the luck might come to you so you need to be always ready, because these lucky strikes are not very usual and sometimes you may not even realise that it was a great opportunity until you have lost your chance. Stay positive, think that you will have your opportunity. You have to be surrounded by the right people, and no body likes that pessimist that are always grumbling about their bad luck and how unfair life is. Most of the times the attitude is more important than the aptitude. How to cite Hard Work or Luck, Papers

Poul Voulkos Ceramist Essay Example For Students

Poul Voulkos Ceramist Essay The exhibition of recent stoneware vessels by Peter Voulkos at Frank Lloyd Gallery featured the sort of work on which the artist established reputation in the 1950s. The work was greeted with stunned amazement. However now it is too, but its amazement of a different order the kind that comes from being in the presence of effortless artistic mastery. These astonishing vessels are truly amaising. Every ceramic artist knows that what goes into a kiln looks very different from what comes out, and although what comes out can be controlled to varying degrees, its never certain. Uncertainty feels actively courted in Voulkos vessels, and this embrace of chance gives them a surprisingly contradictory sense of ease. Critical to the emergence of a significant art scene in Los Angeles in the second half of the 1950s, the 75-year-old artist has lived in Northern California since 1959 and this was his only second solo show in an L.A gallery in 30 years.These days, L.A. is recognized as a center f or the production of contemporary art. But in the 1950s, the scene was slim few galleries and fewer museums. Despite the obscurity, a handful of solitary and determined artists broke ground here, stretching the inflexible definitions of what constitutes painting, sculpture and other media. Among these avant-gardists was Peter Voulkos. In 1954, Voulkos was hired as chairman of the fledgling ceramics department at the L.A. County Art Institute, now Otis College of Art and Design, and during the five years that followed, he led what came to be known as the Clay Revolution. Students like John Mason, Paul Soldner, Ken Price and Billy Al Bengston, all of whom went on to become respected artists, were among his foot soldiers in the battle to free clay from its handicraft associations. By the late 1950s, Voulkos had established an international reputation for his muscular fired-clay sculptures, which melded Zen attitudes toward chance with the emotional fervor of Abstract Expressionist pai nting. Some 20 works including five Stacks (4-foot-tall sculptures) as well as giant slashed-and-gouged plates and works on paper recently went on view at the Frank Lloyd Gallery. This non single show is his first at a Los Angeles gallery in 13 years, although a survey of his work was seen at the Newport Harbor Art Museum (presently carries a different name) in 1995. Voulkos, 75, has lived in Oakland since 1959, having left after a fallout with the then-director of the Art Institute, Millard Sheets, who is best known for mosaic murals on local bank facades. Although Voulkos has been absent from L.A. for 40 years, he remains something of an icon for artists here. Price, known for his candy-colored ovoid clay sculptures, puts it simply: In one way or another, he influenced everyone who makes art out of clay, since he was the main force in liberating the material. He broke down all the rules form follows function, truth in materials because he wanted to make art that had something to do with his own time and place. He had virtuoso technique, so he was able to do it fairly directly, and he worked in a really forceful way. In the opinion of many artists he is the most important person in clay of the 20th century, not for what he did himself, but for the ground that he broke. In his interview with US art critics Voulkos said: I never intended on being revolutionary, there was a certain energy around L.A. at that time, and I liked the whole milieu. Wielding clay is magic, he says. The minute you touch it, it moves, so youve got to move with it. Its like a ritual. I always work standing up, so I can move my body around. I dont sit and make dainty little things. As a child, Voulkos did not imagine a future as an internationally influential artist. The third of five children born to Greek immigrant parents in Bozeman, Mont., he could not afford a college education and anticipated a career constructing floor molds for engine castings at a foundry in Portland, Ore., w here he went to work in 1942, after high school. But in 1943, he was drafted into the U.S. Army Air Corps and was stationed in the central Pacific as an airplane armorer and gunner. After the war, the G.I. Bill offered him a college education, so he studied painting at Montana State College, now Montana State University, and took ceramics courses during his junior year, graduating in 1951. Voulkos had a natural aptitude for clay and soon was winning awards, including top honors at the 1950 National Ceramic Exhibition at the Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, in New York. Encouraged, he chose ceramics as a course of study in graduate school at the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, from which he graduated with a masters degree in 1952. Around the same time, he married Margaret Cone and had a daughter, Pier. His work also was gaining attention, and he was invited to teach at the experimental Black Mountain College in Asheville, N.C., in 1953. Once again, timing was in his fa vor, as other artists on hand included John Cage, Merce Cunningham and David Tudor, with whom he later stayed in New York, where he met Abstract Expressionist painters Franz Kline, Jack Tworkov, Philip Guston and Robert Rauschenberg. That fall, he returned to Helena, and was resigned to selling his ceramics to make a living until the fateful call came from Sheets. I was just a hick from Montana, so coming to L.A was a big thing for me, Voulkos remembers. When I got that job, it was my big break. I didnt have to do dinner plates anymore. I got paid for teaching and didnt have to worry about selling. Being able to teach helped expand my vocabulary. I learned from my students. Ceramics in those days was quite boring, he says. Scandinavian design. I fell for them for a while, but it was short-lived. It didnt move fast enough for me. But soon Voulkos gained a supporter, sculptor David Smith, known for his balanced cubes of steel . Voulkos shared a studio on Glendale Boulevard with his fo rmer student John Mason (his neighbor was architect Richard Neutra), and in the evenings, he and his students, who were also his friends, would listen to jazz at the Tiffany Club. L.A. Conceptual artist John Baldessari recalls that Voulkos, who at that time was painting in an Abstract Expressionist style as well as building massive abstract clay sculptures, seemed the very embodiment of the advanced New York art world. Baldessari, who was studying painting, remembers, I soon discovered that he was more of an inspiration and a goad than any of my painting instructors, who were relatively academic. He psychically gave me permission, because the teachers I had always seemed delimiting. Just before Christmas 1958, Voulkos opened a solo show at the Pasadena Art Museum (now the Norton Simon Museum). Soon after, he was fired from L.A. County Art Institute and hired by UC Berkeley, where his students included Ron Nagle, James Melchert and Ann Adair, who later became his second wife and by w hom he has a son, Aris. Voulkos career continued to escalate with a 1960 show at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, favorably reviewed by Dore Ashton in the New York Times. Yearning to work on a larger scale than is possible in clay, he began producing monumental bronze sculptures for corporate clients, such as an 18-foot-tall sculpture in the lobby of the San Francisco office of Tishman Realty. Despite this two-decade foray into bronze, Voulkos remained committed to pushing the boundaries of possibility in ceramics. From 1979 to 1984, he concentrated on firing plates and then the vessel-shaped stacks in an anagama, a Japanese wood-burning kiln. Inspired by the Haniwa figures and Momoyama period ceramics of Japan, Voulkos let the ash and soot from the firing process in the kiln decorate the irregular surface of the clay. There was a certain kind of casualness about some of the Japanese ceramics that I liked. There can be a big crack in the pot caused by the kiln, and the piece be comes a national treasure, he says. The 1980s brought about a serious personal challenge, however. By mid-decade, he was forced to confront his addiction to cocaine and enter a rehabilitation facility. In 1989, he returned to his ceramic sculpture with a sense of renewed purpose and a more incisive and controlled sense of composition. During the 90s, he has regained the confidence in the process. Although retired from UC Berkeley, Voulkos still thrives as a teacher, spending about four months of each year on the road doing seminars. Bibliography:Levin, Elaine, Peter Voulkos: A Ceramics Monthly Portfolio, Ceramics Monthly, June, 1978, pp. 60-68, ill.Albright, Thomas, Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945-1980, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1985, ill.Baker, Kenneth, Strong New Work by Voulkos, San Francisco Chronicle, March 2, 1991, p. C5, ill.Baker, Kenneth, Voulkos Elevates Ceramics to Art, San Francisco Examiner Chronicle, Datebook, July 30, 1995, pp. 35, 39, ill.Kusp it, Donald, The Trouble With The Body: Peter Voulkoss Stacks, American Ceramics, 12/2, 1996, pp. 14-21, ill., cover ill. .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 , .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .postImageUrl , .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 , .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59:hover , .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59:visited , .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59:active { border:0!important; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59:active , .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59 .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1309bb04a602fea23aff0d750213bc59:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Samantha Srinivasan Essay

Racism in Society

Racism is a relatively new term, invented in the modern age when man discovered science. Using his abilities to understand the natural world he began to make theories, and one of the ideas that he created is the concept of race. There are groups of men and women who were created to rule the world – they are the masters while others are the slaves. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Races were differentiated by physical characteristics and the negative implication of the analysis of physical characteristics led to prejudice, abhorrence, and even hatred towards another human being. Understanding the concept of racism can be achieved by looking at standard definition as well as using analogies such as the way that a biologist can classify different types of animals and the way a an art collector discriminates between different works of art. Before going any fur ther it is imperative to look into a scholarly definition of the term racism. There will be two academic sources that will be consulted for this study. The first one comes from Webster’s II New College Dictionary and from Encyclopedia Britannica online. From the college dictionary here is the first definition of the word racism: â€Å"The notion that one’s own ethnic stock is superior† (Webster, p.912). A more lengthy definition comes from the encyclopedia and it says that it is also known as racialism and adds the following: any action, practice, or belief that reflects the racial worldview – the ideology that humans are divided into separate and exclusive biological entities called ‘races’, that there is a causal link between inherited physical traits and traits of personality, intellect, morality, and other cultural behavioral features, and that some races are innately superior to others (Smedley, p.1). Based on these definitions one can surmise that racism is a mindset, a belief system governed by the idea that humans were not created equal and can never be treated equal. There are groups of people that must be considered superior to others and therefore there are those that must be treated as inferior. This is based on the ideology that â€Å"humans are divided into separate and exclusive biological entities called races† and thus human beings can be classified in the same way that a biologist can classify different types of animals. And an art collector discriminates between different works of art.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It must also be highlighted that this classification of human beings can only be made possible if the basis for classification is the difference between physical characteristics. The most common method is to look at the color of the person’s skin as well as differenc es in facial features. But this is not only limited on what can be seen in the external features of the person, racism is also a product of observing the behavioral tendencies of a group of people such as their religious and dietary practices. By looking at the physical characteristics and the religious as well as cultural differences one can easily ascertain that others are not like them. In ancient times there used to be a derogatory term that a rich and powerful civilization used to describe others and they call those who cannot attain their level of sophistication as barbaric and they call citizens of neighboring countries whom they consider inferior to them as barbarians. As a result, â€Å"In North and apartheid South Africa, racism dictated that different ‘races’ should be segregated from one another, that they should have their own distinct communities and develop their own institution such as churches, schools, and hospitals, and that it was unnatural for memb ers of two ‘separate races’ to intermarry† (Smedley, p.1) This gave rise to the aforementioned definition of race that others believe in the innate superiority of their race and that they try to impose this worldview on others. This can be best understood in the way that a biologist looks at the natural world. A biologist will classify animals and plants based on their physical characteristics for instance a mammal is different from an insect; a grass is different from a tree. This is because of clear differentiations based on external features. It is not difficult to spot the major differences that exist between a tiger and a whale and an oak tree and a dragonfly. This is the reason why there used to be apartheid in South Africa and segregation in the United States. A classification scheme was developed not to judge animals but humans. The classification scheme was not created to identify and appreciate the differences but to create separation. Aside from a crud e analysis of the physical features there is no clear basis for pigeonholing or stereotyping human beings into different classes or sub-species. However, it is clear why this system was perpetuated. It is to create order and understanding in the same way that a biologist tries to understand the complexity of the natural world. Another way to look at racism is to look into the activities of the art collector and how he creates a standard in order to judge which artwork is much more valuable than others. This time around the basis for comparison is subjective. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are no clear rules because what a collector will consider a worthless piece of creation can be valued highly by others. In other words no one can judge and no one should judge that a group of individuals is of greater importance to other groups. This should not be the c ase but the history of mankind proves otherwise. The methodology used by an art collector is necessary to understand the worth of a artwork and as a result collectors can trade or sell what they own. If a system does not exist then art collection may never have taken off and no one would spend their time searching, examining, and storing art works. This was done to justify their actions. In the same manner, racism and the profiling of tribes, clans, and groups of people into â€Å"races† was done to justify the use of slaves and the use of humans as tools. In the past slavery was a part of American society. This was made possible by the belief that the white race is superior to the Negro race and therefore those with black skin must serve the white man and the white man must no feel a tinge of guilt that they are treating their fellow human beings as if they were beasts of burden. This has created innumerable injustices, not to mention the deaths of many who tried to argue th at there is no such thing as race. One of the most ironic settings of this debate occurred in the United States when founding fathers who led the people into a successful revolution against tyranny wrote the U.S. Constitution and it says there that all men were created equal. This is the reason why they revolted against those who tried to control them and yet after the war for American independence Negro slaves were still oppressed and working the farms without wages, rights, and freedom. Conclusion Racism is the classification of human beings into groups and therefore it creates a belief system that there are those who are superior to others and those who are inferior can be treated with less respect and force to serve others. This is what happened to former Negro slaves who felt the bitter effects of segregation. The same thing can be said of the black men and women of South Africa who had to contend with the fact that the white man had created systems and institutions to perpet uate this belief and to maintain the status quo that blacks are inferior to the whites.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited â€Å"Racism.† Def. Webster’s II New College Dictionary. 2001, print. Smedley, Audrey. â€Å"Racism.† Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web. This essay on Racism in Society was written and submitted by user Aryanna Osborn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Theodore Roethke essay

buy custom Theodore Roethke essay Theodore Roethke was among the modern American poets who are exceptionally gifted in 1940s and 1950s. He was greatly admired for his innovative language application and imaginative inane technique in describing the metaphor of worldly existence. His first book, the Open House was published in 1941 which created critical attention and became a blockbuster among his The Lost Son and Other Poems in1948, Praise to the End! in 1951, Words for the Wind in 1957 and The Far Field in 1964. This thesis will try to explain why most of Roethkes poetry mostly evolved in greenhouse setting. Roethkes collected poems are forms of poetry which fully reveals his major achievements wherein he was able to perceive the reality of tensions that surround the inner and the outer worlds. His poetry depicts his experiences in the greenhouse during his youth which begun in 1941 entitled Open House which won a Pulitzer Award and National Book Awards among others. He was also given the Bollingen Prize by Pennsyl vania University in 1959. Theodore Roethke was born in 1908 on the west side of the river in Saginaw, Michigan. His father who was a German immigrant and market-gardener owned a greenhouse together with Theodores uncle where he spent most of his time. This experience can be reflected by the way he used natural metaphors when delving with his poetry. His adolescent years had been jarred by the death of his father who suffered from cancer and the death of his uncle who committed suicide on same year in 1923. Theodore was only 15 at that time thus such unpleasant event had jarred his psyche and the way he had molded his creative life into the world of poetry. Roethke became eminent when he graduated with magna cum laude honors at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 1929. He stood against the family pressure for him to pursue his study in law and took his chosen graduate courses from University of Michigan and later at Harvard Graduate School and worked along with Robert Hillyer who was also a poet himself. The economic crisis during the Great Depression drove Roethke to shift from Harvard to Lafayette College and took a teaching course. He then met Rolfe Humphries who introduced Louise Bogan to him. These people became his avid supporters and colleague. They became friends to poet Stanley Kunits. In 1935 Roethke assumed responsibility in his second post in teaching at Michigan State College in Lansing but he was hospitalized due to frequent mental illness. Consequently, Roethke made use of these periodic recurrences of depression to explore a rather new level in reality through innovative self-exploration. As quoted by Theodore Roethke: The greenhouse is my symbol for the whole of life, a womb, a haven-on-earth unquote. The Poetry Foundation also notes that the love poems he made won praises which appeared in The Walking in a separate section of the book in stanzaic form as noted by Stanley Kunitz. One of Roethkes critics, Ralph Mills, defined the amatory work as a combination of consideration of self with potentials of eroticism as well as sensuality and more importantly, his poems introduced and maintained a fascination that is beyond ones self as described with the representation of another or the beloved female figure. Roethkes poems also depicts his weaknesses by the imitative attributes on his other lesser successful verses and the limitations of areas in his favor. He is one the finest poets in this world who threatens the existence of man as an object. The contemplative Roethke made it known to use his own personal experience as the source of his art on his first publication, Open House. It was not very surprising that the book replicated the derivative and somehow traditional elements of a beginners conscious imitation. Notwithstanding the limitations that are quite visible in Open House, Seager tacitly acknowledged that those are works of a seasoned poet and just a neophyte despite the adverse criticisms. Stanley Kunitz was overwhelmed with Roethkes form of art and as a person himself. The Poetry Foundation likewise noted the early reviews of Roethkes works in response to the critics reviews. W. D. Snodgrass commented that it was conservative and prerevolutionary. The poems can easily be grasped and that the metric were normal and conventional. He added further that the volume achieved had the effect of something like a frigid-controlled hysteria as often felt by the readers of Emily Dickenson[4]. The Open House was a relevant exodus for Roethke. It was favorably published in different reviews such as the Atlantic, the Saturday Review, the New Yorker and the Kenyon Review. W. H. Auden applauded that it was a total success. Roethkes works showed several influence taken from the works of famous poetic models whose verses had molded his imagination as well as style such as (name of poets). Elizabeth Drew pointed out in other reviews that Roethkes poems had a graceful movement with precise description of images and expression with gnomic utterances so peculiar of him while attaining strict observation of language which can seldom be found in poets nowadays. Roethke kept all t he critics views as well as other commentaries of his works as a contemplation of his creativity. As expected, critics took up Roethkes greenhouse experiences as the prevalent focus of his poems[5]. Roethke was enticed to delliver in one of the high-status lectures at Morris Gray in Harvard a year after the Open House was circularized. In 1943, he departed Penn State and joined top personalities at Bennington College such as Kenneth Burke and Lonie Adams. He was challenged to foster as teaching poet by Bennington. His association with Burke played a very important role to Roethkes second volume The Lost Son among his other poems in 1948. The Lost Son was Roethkes far-reaching book had considerably won him praises from other writers such as Michael Harrington and critic Ian Hamilton. So-called greenhouse poems, the opening of the book had fourteen lyrics with the metaphor of an open house passing through the glasshouse which symbolizes ones inner self in relation to human existence. During the BBC broadcast sometime on July 30, 1953, Roethke described the glasshouse as a descripti on of heaven and hell combined. It was the universe in different worlds in which a child worries about to struggle in order to live. The poets denouement of subhuman world served as counterpart of Roethkes own imagery that staged back Roethke being a lost son and his psychic incongruity towards the non-existent patriarch Otto Roethke. Roethke was married to Beatrice OConnell in 1953. Like most of American poets of his time, he was prone to drinking spree and susceptible to illness. Beatrice was not informed of his repetitive depressions yet Beatrice remained a dedicated wife to him and supportive of his works. Roethkes final volume was The Far Field including Meditation at Oyster River. The Return was introduced by Folkways Records under George Abbes album: Anthology of Contemporary American Poetry. The succeeding year, Roethke published his album entitled: Words for the Wind Poems of Theodore RoethkeIn 1963, Theodore Roethke died by cardiac arrest in his friends swimming pool at Baindridge Island, Washington at the age of 55. His remains now lie in Saginaws Oakwood Cemetery. Roethkes meritorious work was characterized by his recurring childhood reminiscence and remarkable primordial imagery which elevated autobiographic specific to exemplary significance. His playful and dynamic verses relied abundantly on spontaneous word associations as well as careful framework of sonic effect. His penetrating exploration and subconscious mind from the past reflected lifelong search for harmony which sought for self-acceptance and otherworldliness. He was highly respected for his ingenuity and the capability to evoke personal experience universally which greatly influenced the advancement of American poetry after the war. Buy custom Theodore Roethke essay

CLEVELAND Surname Meaning and Origin

CLEVELAND Surname Meaning and Origin The Cleveland surname most commonly originated as  a name for someone who came from the district of Cleveland in Yorkshire, England, a corruption of cliff lane, which described  the steep, hilly terrain of the region, from the Old English clif, meaning bank, slope and land, meaning land. According to the Dictionary of American Family Names, the Cleveland surname may also have originated in some families as an  Americanized spelling of the Norwegian surnames Kleiveland or Kleveland, habitational names from several farmsteads in Agder and Vestlandet, from the Old Norse kleif, meaning rocky ascent and  land,  meaning land. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings: CLEAVELAND, CLEVLAND, CLIEVLAND, CLIVELAND Where in the World Is the CLEVELAND Surname Found? While it originated in England, the Cleveland surname is now most prevalent in the United States, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. Within the British Isles, at the turn of the 20th century, Cleveland was most common in Suffolk, England, followed by Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Kent, Hampshire, Sussex, and Surrey. WorldNames PublicProfiler  also has the Cleveland surname as most commonly found in the United States, with the greatest numbers of people with this last name found in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Alaska. Famous People With the Last Name CLEVELAND Grover Cleveland - the 22nd and 24th president of the United StatesMoses Cleaveland - the progenitor of the famous Cleaveland whaling family of Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket in MassachusettsBenjamin Cleveland - American Revolutionary War patriot, best known  for his role in the American victory at the Battle of Kings Mountain.Dick Cleveland - American swimmer, winner of three Pan American Games and a former world record-holder.  Carol Cleveland -  British actress and comedian, best known  for her appearances on Monty Pythons Flying Circus. Genealogy Resources for the Surname CLEVELAND The Genealogy of the Cleveland and Cleaveland FamiliesThis three-volume set  published by Edmund Janes Cleveland in 1899 attempts to track in both the male and female lines, the posterity of Moses Cleveland of Ipswich, Suffolk County, England and Woburn, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. See also Vol. II and Vol. III. Free on Internet Archive. The Cleveland DNA ProjectThe Cleveland DNA Project is open to all  families with this surname, of all spelling variations, and from all locations. The group is working to  correlate test results and paternal pedigrees so that each family can identify their genetic heritage and  related Cleveland families. Common English Surnames: Meanings and OriginsLearn about the four types of English surnames, plus explore the meaning and origin of the 100 most common English last names. Cleveland Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Cleveland family crest or coat of arms for the Cleveland surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - CLEVELAND GenealogyExplore over 500,000 historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Cleveland surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. CLEVELAND Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Cleveland  surname. DistantCousin.com - CLEVELAND  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Cleveland. CLEVELAND Genealogy ForumSearch the archives for posts about Cleveland ancestors, or post your own Cleveland query. The Cleveland Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Cleveland from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Tests for Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tests for Business Law - Essay Example By contracting with CI, a medical provider gains access to the network in exchange for accepting payments at lower than market rates. Doctors, Inc., contracts with CI but, when few patients are forthcoming, files a suit to recover the difference between the contract and market rates. The court will most likely rule that the contract is Quality Steel Corporation files a suit against Rite Tool Company, claiming that the consideration for their contract is inadequate. The court will most likely not examine the adequacy of the consideration if Baked Goods Company agrees to supply Comida Caf with all the corn chips that it requires for a year. A sudden demand for ethanol results in a shortage of corn, and the price rises sharply. Baked Goods asks Comida to pay a higher price for the chips. This request is In May, Rolf agrees to work for Soda Sales Company at $800 per week for a year beginning June 1. The following January, Tropical Beverages, Inc., offers Rolf the same work at $900 per week. Rolf tells Soda about the offer. Soda offers to enter into a new contract with Rolf at $875 per week. If Rolf agrees, is the new Soda contract enforceable Why or why not Hillside Homes, Inc., and Ideal Builders, Inc., enter into a construction contract that includes six pages of detailed calculations.

Marketing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing - Article Example For this reason, a survey was conducted among the customers of three travel agents in Indonesia. In total, 215 customers participated in the survey. The survey aimed to reveal the relationship between the marketing mix and the consumer decision making especially in regard to travel agents. After analyzing the findings using three different methods of analysis, Satit et al. (2012) came to the result that only two from the 4P’s of marketing mix influence customer decision making in the particular sector: product and price. 3) The article addresses a particular aspect of marketing, the marketing mix. It should be noted that the mode of marketing mix chosen in the above study is the 4P’s, i.e. product, price, place and promotion. At the next level, the article discusses the potential value of the 4P’s for the consumer decision-making process. In other words, not all aspects of 4P’s are explored, but just the relationship of 4P’s with the above process. At the same time, the use of 4P’s as a marketing tool is evaluated specifically in regard to travel agents in Indonesia. Although a specific industry is involved, the findings of the research, as presented in the above article, could be used for understanding the value of 4P’s in other industries also. 4) Through this article I have learned that marketing mix can be valuable in a high range of industries; still, the level at which marketing mix can contribute in the development of each industrial sector is not standardized. For example, in the case of travel agents, only two elements of marketing mix have been proved to be powerful to influence the consumer decision making process: product and price. In other words, marketing mix can serve as a tool for promoting business performance. But before adopting this tool for achieving such target it would be necessary to review the

Human Behavior & society Essay Example for Free

Human Behavior society Essay One good argument in favor of natural determination of human behavior is through an experiment done with lab rats. In this case, a castrated male rat (with no testosterone) is placed with a female lab rat that has been injected with testosterone. In this case, the female acts dominant while the male is submissive. This to an extent proves that natural factors e. g. hormones play an important role in human behavior. Besides this, the moodiness experienced by humans undergoing puberty, as well as pre-menstrual syndrome, in which human behavior fluctuates, shows that natural factors do play a role in determining human behavior. On the other hand, the lab rat experiment is questionable, mainly because the biology of rats is significantly different from humans, and secondly, because humans themselves consume testosterone without such drastic swings in behavior. This suggests that what is currently seen as hormone-triggered changes in human behavior could have social undercurrents. Human behavior itself is a highly complex topic. In some instances, as seen with hormones and also genetically inherited diseases, it is completely due to natural circumstances and events. In other instances, certain types of human behavior is caused by social conditioning and socialization e. g. compliance with the law and the observance of norms and values. In some unusual cases, it is determined by nature and society, working hand-in-hand, or sometimes one after the other to cause a change in such behavior. To judge this issue in terms of absolutes would be unjustified. Exactly in what way human behavior is developed depends on both society and on nature- and in many cases either society or nature is more dominant. However, it is clear that human behavior overall is shaped by a blend of both natural and social factors and issues, from genetic inheritance to socio-economic class.

Immigration in America Essay -- essays research papers

Coming to America†¦Maybe Immigration has been a part of the United States ever since its inception. When Christopher Columbus made his way across the Atlantic Ocean he discovered a land that was almost entirely inhabited. The colonists, essentially the first immigrants to what would be the United States, began to come over group after group until they finally decided that there were enough people living in America that they were a strong enough power to be a separate entity. In 1776 the Americans declared their independence from Great Britain and through the revolutionary war, created the United States. Views from varying sources as well as some insight from North Dakota representatives will be used in order to examine current immigration laws, explain how and why changes should be made, and determine who will be affected by the changes. Early in its history, the United States was often called a melting pot because it was a new nation with no distinctive culture at the time it was established. As immigrants came to the United States, oftentimes they quickly lost their original culture and integrated into the new nation rapidly. Although the United States has been shaped by successive waves of immigrants, Americans have often viewed immigration as a problem. Established Americans often look down on new immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants are frequently targets of criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country than those in the established community. This type of behavior towards immigrants can be found throughout the nation. When interviewing my district representatives what they were currently doing with immigration laws I received a very common answer from all three of them. They all said that currently they weren’t dealing with any immigration laws because they are usually determined at a national level. Representative Ole Aarsvold said in an e-mail response, â€Å"Immigration is primarily a federal concern but we have had a couple of bills dealing with this issue, very generally, in this legislative session in ND. I will do some research for you.† This led me to open my eyes to the national scope of immigration laws. The United States had no type of immigration laws during its colonial years. Leonard Dinnerstein is a Professor of American History and Director of Judaic Studies at University of Arizona. His Encarta entr... ... Americans declared their independence from Great Britain and through the revolutionary war, created the United States. Views from varying sources as well as some insight from North Dakota representatives were used in order to examine current immigration laws, explain how and why changes should be made, and determine who will be affected by the changes. Work Cited Aarsvold, Ole. â€Å"Re: Thoughts on Immigration.† E-mail to State Representative 22 Mar. 2001. â€Å"American Presidents Talk About Immigration.† American Immigration Law Foundation 1997. 27 Feb. 2001. . Dinnerstein, Leonard. â€Å"Immigration.† Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 2000. â€Å"Ellis Island Lesson Plan (Immigration).† MSNBC Pencil News. 2000. 27 Mar 2001. . Goldsborough, James. â€Å"Out-of-Control Immigration.† Foreign Affairs. Sept. 2000: 89 Hicks, Chester. â€Å"Remaking the political landscape: how immigration redistributes seats in the House.† Spectrum: the Journal of State Government. Spring 1999: 17. Vialet, Joyce. â€Å"Immigration Legislation and Issues in The 106th Congress.† Migration World Magazine. Sept 1999: 41.

Personal Statement CELTA TBI Essay

I would like the opportunity to partake in the CELTA course at TBI, so I am able to increase my knowledge and experience, whilst simultaneously being able to assist students’ in their own understanding of the English language. By gaining the CELTA qualification at your institute, I will be equipped to continually encourage my students’ towards reaching their language goals by building on the foundation of knowledge they already have. My future aims and intentions are to train to be a teacher of extremely high standard, and once I have obtained my CELTA certificate and gained some more practical knowledge within schools; I am particularly interested in completing my Post Graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE). The CELTA course would be greatly beneficial in helping me gain valuable experience in preparation for my future PGCE. Having lived in Jakarta for a few years, I am able to empathize with some the hardships involved in learning a new language. It is important to build rapport with the student whilst still maintaining professionalism. As I am able to appreciate the difficulties each student may face, I feel this would contribute towards creating an enjoyable, yet fulfilling, learning environment. Allowing the students to see you (the teacher) as approachable and encouraging, whilst still upholding a professional relationship is a key aspect of encouraging students’ to pursue their language goals. I am a confident, hardworking, highly motivated team player, able to make decisions in a high pressure environment. I understand the importance of diligence and role versatility when tailoring lesson plans to suit the strengths and weaknesses of each individual student. It is of great significance that these individually tailored lessons do not impact the whole class negatively, but rather, enable interaction between those students of a similar skill level. My previous involvement completing my bachelor degree and distance learning diploma, shows that I am able to complete assignments to the highest standard I am able to achieve. For the distance learning Diploma, it was essential to organise and manage my time productively, to ensure sufficient researching, planning and writing time were allocated accordingly, enabling me to complete each of the necessary components on schedule. Throughout my time at both University and College, I was a member of the student representative committees, liaising between the student body and departmental teams. This has helped me gain confidence and familiarity when dealing with my peers and those in higher authority  positions alike. I have learnt how to be patient and diplomatic when the need arises, as well as being able to ascertain when to use my own initiative. The opportunity to undertake studying my CELTA with your institution, allows me to not only better myself, but also the students that I will be teaching. I feel it is an extremely rewarding course, and the large array of possibilities that open up on completion of the CELTA, is endless and exciting. The knowledge and practical experience I would gain from obtaining a CELTA qualification is vast and would enable me to kick start my teaching career.

Ancient Egyptian Art & Architecture Essay

Due to the scarcity of wood the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-baked mud bricks and stone, mainly limestone but also sandstone and granite in considerable quantities. From the Old Kingdom onward, stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples, while bricks were used even for royal palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple precincts and towns, and for subsidiary buildings in temple complexes. The core of the pyramids came from stone quarried in the area already while the limestone, now eroded away, that was used to face the pyramids came from the other side of the Nile River and had to be quarried, ferried across, and cut during the dry season before they could be pulled into place on the pyramid. Ancient Egyptian houses were made out of mud collected from the Nile river. It was placed in molds and left to dry in the hot sun to harden for use in construction. Many Egyptian towns have disappeared because they were situated near the cultivated area of the Nile Valley and were flooded as the river bed slowly rose during the millennia, or the mud bricks of which they were built were used by peasants as fertilizer. Others are inaccessible (unapproachable), new buildings having been erected on ancient ones. Fortunately, the dry, hot climate of Egypt preserved some mud brick structures. Examples include the village Deir al-Madinah, the Middle Kingdom town at Kahun, and the fortresses at Buhen and Mirgissa. Also, many temples and tombs have survived because they were built on high ground unaffected by the Nile flood and were constructed of stone. Thus, our understanding of ancient Egyptian architecture is based mainly on religious monuments, massive structures characterized by thick, sloping walls with few openings, possibly echoing a method of construction used to obtain stability in mud walls. In a similar manner, the incised and flatly modeled surface adornment (decoration) of the stone buildings may have derived from mud wall ornamentation. Although the use of the arch was developed during the fourth dynasty, all monumental buildings are post and lintel constructions, with flat roofs constructed of huge stone blocks supported by the external walls and the closely spaced columns. Exterior and interior walls, as well as the columns and piers (landing place) were covered with hieroglyphic and pictorial (symbolic) frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors. Many motifs (design) of Egyptian ornamentation are symbolic, such as the scarab or sacred beetle, the solar disk and the vulture. Other common motifs include palm leaves, the papyrus plant, and the buds and flowers of the lotus. Hieroglyphs were inscribed for decorative purposes as well as to record historic events or spells. In addition, these pictorial frescoes and carvings allow us to understand how the Ancient Egyptians lived, statuses, wars that were fought and their beliefs. This was especially true when exploring the tombs of Ancient Egyptian officials in recent years. Ancient Egyptian temples were aligned with astronomically significant events, such as solstices and equinoxes, requiring precise (accurate) measurements at the moment of the particular event. Measurements at the most significant temples may have been ceremonially undertaken by the Pharaoh himself. Art Forms: Ancient Egyptian art forms are characterized by regularity and detailed depiction of gods, human beings, heroic battles, and nature, and were intended to provide solace to the deceased in the afterlife. Egyptian art in all forms obeyed one law: the mode of representing Pharaohs, gods, man, nature and the environment. Ancient Egyptian art displays an extraordinarily vivid representation of the Ancient Egyptian’s socioeconomic status and belief systems. Architecture: Ancient Egyptian architects used sun-dried and kiln-baked bricks, fine sandstone, limestone and granite. Hieroglyphic and pictorial carvings in brilliant colors were abundantly used to decorate Egyptian structures. Papyrus: Papyrus is a plant. Papyrus was used by ancient Egyptians for writing and painting. Papyrus texts illustrate all dimensions of ancient Egyptian life and include literary, religious, historical and administrative documents. Pottery: Ancient Egyptians used steatite (some varieties were called soapstone). Different types of pottery items were deposited in tombs of the dead. Some such pottery items represented interior parts of the body, like the lungs, the liver and smaller intestines, which were removed before embalming (the art and science of temporarily preserving human remains). Sculpture: The ancient art of Egyptian sculpture evolved to represent the ancient Egyptian gods, Pharaohs, and the kings and queens, in physical form. Very strict conventions were followed while crafting statues: male statues were darker than the female ones; in seated statues, hands were required to be placed on knees and specific rules governed appearance of every Egyptian god. Egyptian Art Ancient Egyptian art is the painting, sculpture, architecture and other arts produced by the civilization in the lower Nile Valley from 5000 BC to 300 AD. Ancient Egyptian art reached a high level in painting and sculpture, and was both highly stylized and symbolic. Much of the surviving art comes from tombs and monuments and thus there is an emphasis on life after death and the preservation of knowledge of the past. The quality of observation and execution started at a high level and remained near that level throughout the 2nd and 3rd dynasty. Paintings: Egyptian painting is said to be one of the most unique and mysterious attributes of Egypt. Egyptian painting is not oil-based or fresco-based, it is tempura-based. All Egyptian reliefs were painted on a flat surface. Pigments were mostly mineral, chosen to withstand strong sunlight without fading. The binding medium used in painting remains unclear. After painting, a varnish or resin was usually applied as a protective coating. The paintings were often made with the intent of making a pleasant afterlife for the deceased. Some tomb paintings show activities that the deceased were involved in when they were alive and wished to carry on doing for eternity. Egyptian paintings are painted in such a way to show a profile view and a side view of the animal or person. Periods in Art: The Ancient Egyptian art style is known as Amarna art. It was characterized by a sense of movement and activity in images. Also, the human body is portrayed differently in Amarna style artwork than Egyptian art on the whole. Faces are still shown exclusively in profile.

Big Brother Media Essay essays

Big Brother Media Essay essays I am going to conduct a survey to find out why people watched Big Brother, what they liked and disliked, how they found out about Big Brother and how they watched the program. I gave they following survey to 35 people of different ages and interests and have summarized the information using words and graphs. Age Group: 9 40-45, 46-51, 52-57, 58-63, 64-69 70 Do you watch Big Brother? Yes No Please circle your answer If yes how often.........hours per week on average? How did you find out about Big Brother example: friends, television, radio etc? Why do you watch Big Brother? What do you like most about the program? What do you dislike most about the program? Where do you watch the program? Who do you watch the program with? What do you do in the break adverts? What have you enjoyed most about the program so far? Whos do you want to win the 3rd big brother? Would you take part in future episode of Big Brother? Yes No Why? Please circle your answer Results: From this pie graph above we can see that over  ¾ of the people I asked do watch Big Brother. This shows that Big brother is very popular and a very large audience. From the above line graph you can see that people ages 16 21 are the group who watch Big Brother the most and second to that is people aged 10 15 which shows me that the majority of people who watch Big Brother are teenagers and young adults, so the concepts and qualities of Big Brother must be appealing to those young age groups. How People Heard and were introduced to Big Brother From this pie chart above you can see that just under half of the people who took part in my survey were introd...

Moment Generating Function for Binomial Distribution

Moment Generating Function for Binomial Distribution The mean and the variance of a random variable X with a binomial probability distribution can be difficult to calculate directly. Although it can be clear what needs to be done in using the definition of the expected value of X and X2, the actual execution of these steps is a tricky juggling of algebra and summations. An alternate way to determine the mean and variance of a binomial distribution is to use the moment generating function for X. Binomial Random Variable Start with the random variable X and describe the probability distribution more specifically. Perform n independent Bernoulli trials, each of which has probability of success p and probability of failure 1 - p. Thus the probability mass function is f (x) C(n , x)px(1 – p)n - x Here the term C(n , x) denotes the number of combinations of n elements taken x at a time, and x can take the values 0, 1, 2, 3, . . ., n. Moment Generating Function Use this probability mass function to obtain the moment generating function of X: M(t) ÃŽ £x 0n etxC(n,x))px(1 – p)n - x. It becomes clear that you can combine the terms with exponent of x: M(t) ÃŽ £x 0n (pet)xC(n,x))(1 – p)n - x. Furthermore, by use of the binomial formula, the above expression is simply: M(t) [(1 – p) pet]n. Calculation of the Mean In order to find the mean and variance, youll need to know both M’(0) and M’’(0). Begin by calculating your derivatives, and then evaluate each of them at t 0. You will see that the first derivative of the moment generating function is: M’(t) n(pet)[(1 – p) pet]n - 1. From this, you can calculate the mean of the probability distribution. M(0) n(pe0)[(1 – p) pe0]n - 1 np. This matches the expression that we obtained directly from the definition of the mean. Calculation of the Variance The calculation of the variance is performed in a similar manner. First, differentiate the moment generating function again, and then we evaluate this derivative at t 0. Here youll see that M’’(t) n(n - 1)(pet)2[(1 – p) pet]n - 2 n(pet)[(1 – p) pet]n - 1. To calculate the variance of this random variable you need to find M’’(t). Here you have M’’(0) n(n - 1)p2 np. The variance ÏÆ'2 of your distribution is ÏÆ'2 M’’(0) – [M’(0)]2 n(n - 1)p2 np - (np)2 np(1 - p). Although this method is somewhat involved, it is not as complicated as calculating the mean and variance directly from the probability mass function.

Business report of financial exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business report of financial exercise - Essay Example To increase the revenue, the owner has decided that the firm will operate six days a week which will bring gross sales of  £15,000 in the upcoming year. We will analyze the implication of this change on the profit & loss statement in the light of reasonable assumptions. If the wages are calculated on the basis of increase in variable costs than the initial work demand was for 5 days which has now increased to 6 days therefore the rate of increase in variable costs will be It is found that advertising is correlated with sales and brand value of the organization (Eng & Keh, 2007). Therefore, we will assume that Advertising will increase respect to increase in percentage sales The local garage initially agreed on vehicle maintenance at a cost of  £500 per quarter. The terms initially might include that the business will operate for 5 days. Now since the business will be operating for six days therefore the contract costs will increase to  £600 per quarter. The cash flow forecast for year 2008 and 2009 can be implemented based on the future income statements. In this section we have provided the cash flow forecast for 2007 this will serve as the guideline for future cash flows based on the future assumptions. The cash flow analysis can be and income statements have revealed important information with regards to the community travel. Although the new change seems to be feasible, but it should be implemented in the proposed way by hiring two new part-time drivers who can fulfill the needs on Saturdays. Similarly if the full time employees are willing to work on the compensation terms than they should be hired since they have relevant expertise of the organization. If the business flows in the way as it was doing without any credit sales than it will have abundant cash at the end of the cycle which can be used to expand the business. However, as we noted small changes such as delays in payments or increase in

Aviation Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Aviation Security - Essay Example Therefore at times I felt there was no real concern for security, safety, and health.I feel that contracting out, and deregulation have deteriorated standards of security.To my horror the last time I traveled I had so many bad security experiences that I was surprised. It is indeed true that terrorism has existed as a global phenomenon for years but I don’t see the governments learning any lessons from yesteryears. It has to be seen that armed with the tremendous improvements in technology, communications, weaponry, and transportation systems, the unscrupulous terrorist elements are better able to network their plans and actions. The last time I travelled it was a busy holiday season and I felt that the AirPort security was not increased to match this increase of customers and there was a point when it seemed that the hidden CCTV cameras were not angled correctly.At other times I saw some very rich people from the middle east or Iraqi origin. Prejudices aside I felt that because of their immense wealth(they were travelling 1st Class) they were spared the ordeal of being searched too much.Also their heavily Burqa clad women passengers were treated less stringently as I felt over dressed in a mini dressed while I was searched from head to toe. There was also an increase in people holding liquids and hot teas in bottles.As I remember only in the year 2006 some terrorists were stopped from detonating homemade bombs by trying to smuggle a relatively small amount of homemade liquid explosives onboard disguised as sports drinks. It has been a relief to know that Government authorities have established a three ounce liquid limit for carry on items to eliminate the possible risk but there is no guarantee what a harmless three ounce bottle may hold.I have also seen little children playing with mechanized toys and teddy bears.I believe that these toys may carry the risk of being converted into remote controlled bombs.It may seem draconian to suggest that today

Reflective account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Reflective account - Essay Example Moreover, I shall discuss things that surprised me the most, and how I would feel if I was employed in these companies or made a customer of them. The first thing that I learnt was that growth of a business depends to much an extent, upon the dedication of the personnel that make part of it. In 1998, Pendennis decided to improve the competence of the first ten of their apprentices by providing them with on-job training. Their efforts proved to be fruitful later in several ways. The company benefited from the enhanced skills of laborers as the quality of their service improved manifolds. The quality of their training can be estimated from the fact that they were awarded the title of Best Large Company Apprenticeship in 2008. This news was the most exciting and surprising for me. Their popularity increased as a result of their hard work and they earned more and more clients with the passage of time. The fact that Pendennis provides its employees with training is the biggest reason why I approve of becoming a part of it because I think that on-job training not only increases the skill of employees, but they also feel more competent and feel proud of their association with the company. This in turn, improves their performance and they enjoy work. Mr. Toby Allies has been leading the company for a lot of time. The voluminous body of customers that Pendennis has conventionally maintained can be attributed to the excellent leadership and public dealing skills of Mr. Toby Allies. He studies the needs of customers and values them a lot. The five sectors that work under the department of sales and marketing take very serious notice of the comments left by the customers. As their comments and requests are entertained, customers feel valued and honored, which in turn, develops their long term relationship with the company. Staff at Pendennis is very cooperative with the customers. Much of the creativity and innovation that Pendennis displays comes from the suggestions of t he customers. On the other hand, A & P is no less than Pendennis in taking care of the professional needs of its employees. The specialty of A & P is that a vast majority of people who once get hired in it build their whole career in it, and keep serving in this company until the end of their professional practice. I came across many people who have been working in A & P for over 30 years. This speaks of the great care A & P offers to its people that make part of its workforce. Obviously, the people who have worked in it for so long must have found working in it worth the whole work life. The organizational culture of A & P is conducive for better performance of the employees. Employees feel like at home while at work. There is frequent communication and interaction among the employees, and they all feel like members of the same family. In addition to employees’ health, their safety is also equally ensured in the business practices of A & P. Their regulations of health and sa fety are quite well laid out and they are strictly implemented in the organization. The employees are sufficiently equipped with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). They feel safe at work, and hence, display extreme productivity because of that. In A & P, it is ensured that all areas are adequately marked for safety concerns. The company significantly complies with the

Stereotypes and English Language Learning

Stereotypes and English Language Learning When I was working on my undergraduate degree the professor asked the students of the college class to consider what our preconceived ideas and prejudices were about our future students. When I really thought about it I found that I did have prejudices against certain cultures more than others. I found that I considered Caucasian and Asian students to be smart and well behaved and considered African American and Hispanic students as not as smart and poorly behaved. It bothered me quite a bit but I realized I could not change if I did not recognize my faults. Obviously this is not true. The intelligence of a person is not based on their skin color or culture. The thoughts I had in my head came from somewhere. In this research paper I will explore the issue of stereotypes as it pertains to English Language Learners (ELL) who speak Spanish as their first language in particular. When I refer to Hispanic students in this paper I am inferring the student is also an ELL student. I work with Spanish speaking students, primarily Mexican. I felt researching this subgroup would be most beneficial to me and my co-workers. Much of the information could be accurate for other groups as well. The definition of stereotype according to Dictionary.com (2010) is, A set of inaccurate, simplistic generalizations about a group that allows others to categorize them and treat them accordingly. Unfortunately the majority of the stereotypes about Hispanic people are overwhelmingly negative. Some examples of stereotypes against Mexican students are, (1) gang members, (2) boys are macho, (3) girls should be submissive or objectified, (4) large families/many children, (5) dirty, (6) illegal aliens, (7) parents work mainly in the hotel and landscaping industries(Terra, 2010. The photographs below demonstrate some of the images that people are subjected to. People who are not in contact with adults and children from the Hispanic cultures may think that this is how all people from Hispanic backgrounds truly look. Images speak a 1,000 words. The media including television, magazines, and the Internet often perpetuate the stereotypes of different cultures. According to the Media Awareness Network, stereotypes act like codes that show audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or group of people. The image usually relates to a persons class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, social role or occupation (Media Awareness Network, 2010). The images Hispanic children and teens are bombarded with can cause confusion. They may get brainwashed into believing that they are supposed to look and behave in a stereotypical manner. The problem with media stereotyping is that stereotyping can reduce substantially the amount of personal differences about people into an over simplified category. Media stereotyping can also convert assumptions about particular groups of people into what is commonly considered a fact. People in power use the media stereotypes to justify statements they make. The media stereotypes also perpetuate inequality and social prejudice (Media Awareness Network, 2010). More often than not, the groups being stereotyped has little to say about how they are represented (Media Awareness Network, 2010). For example television corporations have a lot of power, control, and influence over what images they put on the television programming. If the station chooses to put images of gang violence or stereotypical Hispanic images the culture represented would have an uphill battle trying to get the television station to change the programming to a more positive view of the Hispanic culture. It is important for teachers to attempt to help filter the harmful effects of the media that students of all cultures are bombarded with on a daily basis. Careful selection of books, videos, internet sites, magazines, and activities need to be carefully evaluated before showing them to students. I constantly complain about what I see on television when I watch programs with my sixteen year old daughter. We talk about the inaccuracies and stereotypes. If teachers make children aware of the stereotypes on television the students will learn to see the bias for themselves. After listening to the A-Z lectures (Blecher-Sass Russell-Fowler, 2010) and reviewing the slides it occurred to me how important it is to have a classroom that is representative and respectful of the cultures contained in it in order to address stereotyping. I also know that it is important to expose the children to cultures from around the world. The world is becoming a small place with the instant information of the World Wide Web. Collages came to mind when I thought about representing the different types of people within a culture. Referencing the picture above, the images represented do show people from a Hispanic culture, but so do the three images inserted below. The collage project would be a wonderful activity for the students to undertake. The students would write reports and make collage posters to represent different cultures. I would let them pick from all areas of the world so that we would have a variety of cultures represented in the classroom (Blecher-Sass Russell-Fowler, 2010). (Getty Images, 2010) Traditions can also be a part of a stereotype of a culture. For example, not all Hispanic girls will have a Quinceanera (Terra, 2010). Some Hispanic girls might have a sweet 16 or no significant party at all. I think it is important for teachers to have the parents of the children volunteer in the classroom to share family traditions. My school is 87% Hispanic (CCSD, 2010). It would be extremely interesting and beneficial to the students to learn about the different traditions of their friends families. Many of the students have a culture in common but each family is unique. It is important to highlight the differences and the distinctive attributes of every family. When people think of parent involvement in schools, they typically imagine a middle-class parent attending a PTA meeting or school board meeting, or volunteering to make cupcakes for a class party (Airola, 2004). In this example there is a preconceived notion that only certain people are welcome at school. Or that people need a certain set of skills to help at school. I had a parent just the other day tell me her stay at home husband, only spoke Spanish, when I mentioned I would love for him to come and volunteer in the classroom. I told her that it did not matter. Her husband was uncomfortable volunteering in an English speaking kindergarten classroom. I will continue to welcome all my parents into my classroom. People can stereotype themselves. Sometimes it is comfortable to be what the media says you are. All students may not be headed to college, once they graduate. It is important to make sure that it is the students choice. Educators must not use stereotyping to pigeon hole a student into any educational, vocational, career, or job choice. I have heard too many stories of successful adults that have been told they were, not college material (Jackson, 2010). Teachers should provide students with positive role models, of former ELL students, who have overcome the obstacle of being a non-English speaker, and how they have become success stories. Clark County School District has 65.4% of students who are considered part of the minority population. Hispanic students make up the largest population of students in the Clark County School District (CCSD, 2010). It is imperative that teachers do not stereotype the students into what the media and politicians would like community members to believe. The students that teachers are educating today will be the leaders of tomorrow. (CCSD, 2010) According to Pew Hispanic Center 23% of the Hispanic children in the state of Nevada live in poverty (Demographic Profile of Hispanics in Nevada, 2008, 2010). Nearly one quarter of the children live in low-income areas and go to low socioeconomic schools. The teachers need to take into account that many of the students do not see Hispanic role models in professional jobs in the environment where they live. Teachers have the responsibility to bring in speakers and volunteers to work with the children and open the students eyes to the big wide world outside of their neighborhood. If the children see successful adults who look like them it just may foster their ambition to reach for higher goals in the future. Another definition of a stereotype is a generalized image of a person or group, which does not acknowledge individual differences and which is often prejudicial to that person or group. Many of our students may encounter a feeling of not belonging due to their language and/or culture. An educators job is to try and help students avoid these possible situations by addressing the issue with our entire class, staff, and all that come in contact with the child. Success can only be achieved when all those involved agree to work as a team (Blecher-Sass Russell-Fowler, 2010).

Robert Frosts Poem The Road Not Taken Essay -- Road Taken Robert Fros

Robert Frost's Poem "The Road Not Taken" The poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost addresses the idea of decision-making and choosing what direction life will take you. The poem is about the speaker arriving at a fork in the road, where both paths are carpeted with leaves. The persona, who is believed to be Frost himself, chooses to take the road less traveled by. He tells himself that he will take the other road another day, although he knows it is unlikely that he will have the opportunity to do so. The poem concludes with the speaker satisfied by his choice in taking the road less traveled by.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem consists of four stanzas, each containing five lines. The rhyme rigid scheme is ABAAB. Then, in the last line the rhyme is broken with the word â€Å"difference† making the ending stand out from the rest of the poem. Each line contains four stressed syllables. Frost uses a metaphor comparing the road to life, and the fork to making decisions. The first stanza conveys a mood of change and introduces the idea of a life altering decision, which is the basis for the poem. First Frost sets the scene with his opening words, â€Å"Two roads diverged†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (line 1). The speaker is standing at a junction in the road pondering two choices. The roads in the poem are merged where the speaker is standing but lead in two different directions signifying two different paths in life. Frost begins with the metaphorical meaning as early as the first line with his reference to â€Å"†¦yellow w...

Anthropological approaches to family and kinship

Family and kinship has been studied under many disciplines; as such the relations between human beings as it regards to their genealogical origins has a varying relationship.Under the discipline of anthropology, kinship regards relations forged through marriage and arising from descent as being sufficiently important in deciding who is a member of which family; this is in contrast to biological disciplines which define relations through descent and mating (where by only people who share genes are related. As such, more people are related as defined by anthropology than by biology. However, the two forms of definition do not exist in isolation to each other; as such, people may be related to each other both by descent and by marriage if they are from a common descent.While families can easily define who are its members since more-often-than-not they know each other in details (for example the different children from each nuclear family), definition of kinship is relatively more challe nging as one moves away for each nuclear family; this complexity is increased when kinship by affinity (marriage) rather that pure consanguinity (descent) is included.Definition of a society through kinship offers a tool for organizing all its individuals into distinct social groups. The most basic of these groups is the family; in this, the definition of relationship is concrete, that is, there is a father, a mother and children. Away from the nuclear family, relations become more amorphous; and some are defined differently in different societies. However, so long as it is defined and known, relationships between persons that can be classified as kinship have been recognized as creating obligations between the involved individuals that are stronger than those that would be seen between strangers.ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHESAmong the earliest researchers to analyze kinship and family from an anthropological angle was Lewis Henry Morgan; this was in the publication Systems of Consangui nity and Affinity of the Human Family of 1871. In this publication, Morgan initiated the use of the term ‘affinity’ to describe a situation where people consider themselves as having kinship despite the fact that they are not biologically related (Trautmann, 2008).As such, groups of people who may have little or no biological relationship can identify themselves as a distinct social group; and use kinship terminology in regards of each other. Such groups share obligations to each other and are bound by a set of expected responses to various events; these bonds are strong despite the fact that some members are approximated only in terms of marriage (Houseman & White, 1998).Kinship systemEach of the groups that can define as a distinct social group is bound by a pattern of behavior that is generally acceptable and/or agreed upon as being normal. These practices govern various events that can and do alter the composition of the society and lay boundaries on what should hap pen and what shouldn’t.These patterns affect marriage in particular; this is in regards to forms of marriage (e.g. arranged vs. non-arranged), restrictions to marriage (between brother and sister, cousins), and which sexual relation is defined as incest. The construct of kinship system is however subject to a wide range of opinions with some of the commentary being inconsistent from one aspect to the other (Read, 2001).This is attributed by the fact that while an anthropologist is usually drawn to study a culture or society that is not his/her own (due to curiosity or novelty), s/he usually carries some of the kinship connotation from his/her system of origin (Wallace & Atkins, 1960).This leads to inconsistency since some definitions are relative from one system to the other; for example,   the title ‘uncle’ may not have the same meaning from system to system; while one may regard an uncle as the â€Å"brother of a parent†, other systems may have a wider bracket to include even cousins of the parents.These inconsistencies have stood in the way of creation of a universal theory of kinship in humans; that there is a similarity among how humans relate to each other if they share such a relationship. George P. Murdock in his 1949 publication Social Structure, compiled sets of data to show that the mutual feelings of kinship originated from a psychological response based on ego and the relations within the nuclear family.

My Hero: Drew Chadwick

Every child has a hero, someone he looks up to, someone he tries to be like in every way possible. His hero may be his mom or dad, or Spiderman or Batman. Even today as teenagers we still have heroes; even parents have heroes. A hero is defined as â€Å"a person, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. (dictionary. com)† My hero is Drew Chadwick of Emblem3. Drew is my hero because he has the qualities I value in a person; they include a humble and inspirational outlook, a true talent for music, and the genius mind behind Team Inspire.Drew has a humble outlook on life and an inspiring message he tries to spread, which is one of the reasons he is my hero. His motto in life is very different from most boys; his motto is â€Å"Namaste. † According to Drew, it means ‘I honor the place in you where the universe resides, and when I am in that place and when you are in that place, we are one. ’ Last year was very diffi cult for me; personally I went through a rough time and his outlook inspired me to get through it. Drew went through the same thing I did.Sharing his story and message showed me sometimes its ok, not to be okay. Drew’s music is unlike something you would normally hear on the radio. His lyrics come from his heart and his experiences. He leaves his heart and soul out on the stage when he performs. Drew’s lyrics are easily relatable and have helped me through the most challenging times. From â€Å"The Boy Who Was Torn Apart† to â€Å"True Friends† there is something in the lyrics that I can relate to. His words inspire me to be a better person every day.Lastly, Drew us one of the master minds behind Team Inspire. It amazes me that he is a part of such an inspirational movement. â€Å"Team Inspire Project is a movement dedicated to bringing conscious awareness worldwide through the power of inspiration. By encouraging young people to tap into their highest p otential, Team Inspire believes they can change the world one mind at a time. † When Drew is not touring he spends his time working with Team Inspire. Personally, I am a member of a Team Inspire.A few things I do with Team Inspire are local beach cleanups and participate in workshops that show better and healthier ways to live. Through the work of Team Inspire I along with Drew and others are learning how to change the world one mind at a time. This summer I had the chance to meet my hero and was able to tell him how much he meant to me and inspired me. Everyone has a hero and my hero is Drew Chadwick. Drew’s humble and inspirational outlook, true talent for music, and genius mind behind Team Inspire make him my perfect hero.

Charlse Darwin essays

Charlse Darwin essays Charles Robert Darwin is considered by many to be the father of modern biology. He introduced the theory of evolution and natural selection to a time in which science was based of the words on the Bible. He revolutionized the way life science was studied. Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. He was the fifth child of Dr. Robert Waring Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood Darwin. As a young child, he developed an interest in hunting and collecting rocks and insects. At the age of eight, barely starting day school, his mother died. His older sister Caroline soon became a mother figure to him. A year later, his father sent him and his older brother to Shrewsbury Grammar School, where they stayed for seven years. Then at the age of sixteen, he was enrolled in Edinburgh University, a highly respected medical school. After two years in the school, Charles found himself incredibly bored with the field of medicine. Also, the idea of surgery without an anesthetic repulsed him. After his second year of medical school, his father realized that Charles was not cut out to be a doctor. He then sent Charles to Christs College in Cambridge to become a clergyman. It was here that Darwins fascination with biology developed. His interest in insects grew to the extent that he would spend all day in the woods looking for new beetles. Cambridge is also where he met and befriended John Stevens Henslow, a professor of botany at Cambridge. After graduating from Christs College in 1831, Darwins curiosity in the life sciences was not diminished. He then read Zoonomia, by his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin. He fell upon a chapter concerning evolution, stating that over a period of time, an animal would change based on its surroundings. Unfortunately, his grandfather failed to bring any evidence to support his theory. Soon after he was offered and accepted an unpaid position as naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle, c...

Code of Ethics Essay Example

Code of Ethics Essay Example Code of Ethics Essay Code of Ethics Essay 1.Nurses value quality nursing care for all people. Valuing quality nursing care involves nurses accepting accountability for the standard of nursing care they provide, helping to raise the standard of nursing care, and taking action when they consider, on reasonable grounds, the standard of nursing care to be unacceptable. This includes a responsibility to question and report what they consider, on reasonable grounds, to be unethical behaviour and treatment. 2. Nurses value respect and kindness for self and others. Valuing respect for self and others encompasses valuing the moral worth and dignity of oneself and others. It includes respecting the individual ethical values people might have in the context of health care. Kindness is the demonstration of simple acts of gentleness, consideration and care. The practise of kindness as a committed and everyday approach to care reduces the power imbalance between a person requiring or receiving care and a nurse, by placing the nurse at the person’s service, which is the appropriate relationship. 3. Nurses value the diversity of people. Valuing the diversity of people requires nurses to appreciate how different cultural backgrounds and languages may influence both the provision and receipt of nursing and health care. 4. Nurses value access to quality nursing and health care for all people. Valuing nursing and health care for all people requires nurses to uphold the principles and standards of the right to nursing and health care as measured by the availability, accessibility, acceptability, quality and safety of nursing and health care services. Specifically, access refers to the extent to which a person or community can obtain health care services. This includes knowledge of when it is appropriate to seek health care, the ability to travel to and the means to pay for health care. Access does not mean the ability to provide all services imaginable for everyone, but rather the ability to reasonably and equitably provide services based on need, irrespective of geography, social standing, ethnicity, age, race, level of income, gender or sexuality. 5. Nurses value informed decision making. Nurses value people’s interests in making free and informed decisions. This includes people having the opportunity to verify the meaning and implication of information being given to them when making decisions about their nursing and health care. Nurses also recognise that making decisions is sometimes constrained by circumstances beyond individual control and that there may be circumstances where informed decisionmaking cannot always be fully realised. 6. Nurses value a culture of safety in nursing and health care. Valuing a culture of safety involves nurses actively engaging in the development of shared knowledge and understanding of the crucial importance of safety in contemporary health care. Nurses who value a culture of safety appreciate that safety is everyone’s responsibility. Nurses support the development of risk management processes and a practice environment designed to reduce the incidence and impact of preventable adverse events in health care. Nurses also support the open disclosure of any adverse events to any person affected during the course of their care 7. Nurses value ethical management of information. The generation and management of information (including health care records and other documents) are performed with professionalism and integrity. This requires the information being recorded to be accurate, non-judgemental and relevant to the health, care and treatment of a person. All health documentation is a record that cannot be changed or altered other than by the addition of further information. A notation in a record or a document used for health care communication can have a powerful positive or negative impact on the quality of care received by a person. These effects can be longlasting, either through ensuring the provision of quality care, or through enshrining stigma, stereotyping and judgement in health care decision-making and health care provision experienced by a person. The ethical management of information involves respecting people’s privacy and confidentiality without compromising health or safety. This applies to all types of data, including clinical and research data, irrespective of the medium in which the information occurs or is stored. 8. Nurses value a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable environment promoting health and wellbeing. Nurses value strategies aimed at preventing, minimising and overcoming the harmful effects of economic, social or ecological factors on the health of individuals and communities. Commitment to a healthy environment involves the conservation and efficient use of resources such as energy, water and fuel, as well as clinical and other materials

Hisarlik, Scientific Excavations at Ancient Troy

Hisarlik, Scientific Excavations at Ancient Troy Hisarlik (occasionally spelled Hissarlik and also known as Ilion, Troy or Ilium Novum) is the modern name for a tell located near the modern city of Tevfikiye in the Dardanelles of northwest Turkey. The tell- a type of archaeological site that is a tall mound hiding a buried city- covers an area of about 200 meters (650 feet) in diameter and stands 15 m (50 ft) high. To the casual tourist, says archaeologist Trevor Bryce (2002), excavated Hisarlik looks like a mess, a confusion of broken pavements, building foundations and superimposed, crisscrossing fragments of walls. The mess known as Hisarlik is widely believed by scholars to be the ancient site of Troy, which inspired the marvelous poetry of the Greek poet Homers masterpiece, The Iliad. The site was occupied for some 3,500 years, beginning in the Late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age period about 3000 BC, but it is certainly most famous as the probable location of Homers 8th century BC stories of the Late Bronze Age Trojan War, which took place 500 years earlier. Chronology of Ancient Troy Excavations by Heinrich Schliemann and others have revealed perhaps as many as ten separate occupation levels in the 15-m-thick tell, including Early and Middle Bronze Ages (Troy Levels 1-V), a late Bronze Age occupation presently associated with Homers Troy (Levels VI/VII), a Hellenistic Greek occupation (Level VIII) and, at the top, a Roman period occupation (Level IX). Troy IX, Roman, 85 BC-3rd c ADTroy VIII, Hellenistic Greek, founded in the mid-eighth centuryTroy VII 1275-1100 BC, quickly replaced the destroyed city but itself destroyed between 1100-1000Troy VI 1800-1275 BC, Late Bronze Age, the last sublevel (VIh) is thought to represent Homers TroyTroy V, Middle Bronze Age, ca 2050-1800 BCTroy IV, Early Bronze Age (abbreviated EBA) IIIc, post-AkkadTroy III, EBA IIIb, ca. 2400-2100 BC, comparable to Ur IIITroy II, EBA II, 2500-2300, during the Akkadian empire, Priams Treasure, wheel-made pottery with red-slip potteryTroy I, Late Chalcolithic/EB1, ca 2900-2600 cal BC, hand-made dark burnished hand-built potteryKumtepe, Late Chalcolithic, ca 3000 cal BCHanaytepe, ca 3300 cal BC, comparable to Jemdet NasrBesiktepe, comparable to Uruk IV The earliest version of the city of Troy is called Troy 1, buried beneath 14 m (46 ft) of later deposits. That community included the Aegean megaron, a style of narrow, long-room house which shared lateral walls with its neighbors. By Troy II (at least), such structures were reconfigured for public use- the first public buildings at Hisarlik- and residential dwellings consisted in the form of several rooms surrounding interior courtyards. Much of the Late Bronze Age structures, those dated to the time of Homers Troy and including the entire central area of the Troy VI citadel, were razed by Classical Greek builders to prepare for the construction of the Temple of Athena. The painted reconstructions that you see show a hypothetical central palace and a tier of surrounding structures for which there is no archaeological evidence. The Lower City Many scholars were skeptical about Hisarlik being Troy because it was so small, and Homers poetry seems to suggest a large commercial or trading center. But excavations by Manfred Korfmann discovered that the small central hilltop location supported a much larger population, perhaps as many as 6,000 living in an area estimated to be about 27 hectares (about one-tenth of a square mile) lying adjacent to and stretched out 400 m (1300 ft) from the citadel mound. The Late Bronze Age parts of the lower city, however, were cleaned out by the Romans, although remnants of a defensive system including a possible wall, a palisade, and two ditches were found by Korfmann. Scholars are not united in the size of the lower city, and indeed Korfmanns evidence is based on a fairly small excavation area (1-2% of the lower settlement). Priams Treasure is what Schliemann called a collection of 270 artifacts he claimed to have found in within palace walls at Hisarlik. Scholars think it is more likely that he found some in a stone box (called a cist) among building foundations above the Troy II fortification wall on the western side of the citadel, and those probably represent a  hoard  or a  cist grave. Some of the objects were found elsewhere and Schliemann simply added them to the pile. Frank Calvert, among others, told Schliemann that the artifacts were too old to be from Homers Troy, but Schliemann ignored him and published a photograph of his wife Sophia wearing the diadem and jewels from Priams Treasure. What seems likely to have come from the cist includes a wide range of gold and silver objects. The gold included a sauceboat, bracelets, headdresses (one illustrated on this page), a diadem, basket-earrings with pendant chains, shell-shaped earrings and nearly 9,000 gold beads, sequins and studs. Six silver ingots were included, and bronze objects included vessels, spearheads, daggers, flat axes, chisels, a saw, and several blades. All of these artifacts have since been stylistically dated to the Early Bronze Age, in Late Troy II (2600-2480 BC). Priams treasure created a huge scandal when it was discovered that Schliemann had smuggled the objects out of Turkey to Athens, breaking Turkish law and expressly against his permit to excavate. Schliemann was sued by the Ottoman government, a suit which was settled by Schliemann paying 50,000 French Francs (about 2000 English pounds at the time). The objects ended up in Germany during World War II, where they were claimed by the Nazis. At the end of World War II, Russian allies removed the treasure and took it to Moscow, where it was  revealed in 1994. Troy Wilusa There is a bit of exciting but controversial evidence that Troy and its troubles with Greece might be mentioned in Hittite documents. In Homeric texts, Ilios and Troia were interchangeable names for Troy: in Hittite texts, Wilusiya and Taruisa are nearby states; scholars have surmised recently that they were one and the same. Hisarlik may have been the royal seat of the king of  Wilusa, who was a  vassal to the Great King of the Hittites, and who suffered battles with his neighbors. The status of the site- that is to say the status of Troy- as an important regional capital of western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age has been a consistent flashpoint of heated debate among scholars for most of its modern history. The Citadel, even though it is heavily damaged, can be seen to be considerably smaller than other Late Bronze Age regional capitals such as  Gordion, Buyukkale, Beycesultan, and  Bogazkoy. Frank Kolb, for example, has argued fairly strenuously that Troy VI was not even much of a city, much less a commercial or trade center and certainly not a capital. Because of Hisarliks connection with Homer, the site has perhaps unfairly been intensively debated. But the settlement was likely a pivotal one for its day, and, based on Korfmanns studies, scholarly opinions and the preponderance of evidence, Hisarlik likely was the site where events occurred that formed the basis of Homers  Iliad. Archaeology at Hisarlik Test excavations were first conducted at Hisarlik by railroad engineer John Brunton in the 1850s and archaeologist/diplomat  Frank Calvert  in the 1860s. Both lacked the connections and money of their much-better-known associate,  Heinrich Schliemann, who excavated at Hisarlik between 1870 and 1890. Schliemann heavily relied on Calvert, but notoriously downplayed Calverts role in his writings. Wilhelm Dorpfeld excavated for Schliemann at Hisarlik between 1893-1894, and  Carl Blegen  of the University of Cincinnati in the 1930s. In the 1980s, a new collaborative team started at the site led by  Manfred Korfmann  of the University of Tà ¼bingen and  C. Brian Rose  of the University of Cincinnati. Sources Archaeologist Berkay Dinà §er has several excellent  photographs of Hisarlik  on his Flickr page. Allen SH. 1995.  Finding the Walls of Troy: Frank Calvert, Excavator.  American Journal of Archaeology  99(3):379-407. Allen SH. 1998.  A Personal Sacrifice in the Interest of Science: Calvert, Schliemann, and the Troy Treasures.  The Classical World  91(5):345-354. Bryce TR. 2002.  The Trojan War: Is There Truth behind the Legend?  Near Eastern Archaeology  65(3):182-195. Easton DF, Hawkins JD, Sherratt AG, and Sherratt ES. 2002.  Troy in recent perspective.  Anatolian Studies  52:75-109. Kolb F. 2004. Troy VI:  A Trading Center and Commercial City?  American Journal of Archaeology  108(4):577-614. Hansen O. 1997. KUB XXIII.  13: A Possible Contemporary Bronze Age Source for the Sack of Troy.  The Annual of the British School at Athens 92:165-167. Ivanova M. 2013.  Domestic architecture in the Early Bronze Age of western Anatolia: the row-houses of Troy I.  Anatolian Studies  63:17-33. Jablonka P, and Rose CB. 2004.  Forum Response: Late Bronze Age Troy: A Response to Frank Kolb.  American Journal of Archaeology  108(4):615-630. Maurer K. 2009.  Archeology as Spectacle: Heinrich Schliemanns Media of Excavation.  German Studies Review  32(2):303-317. Yakar J. 1979.  Troy and Anatolian Early Bronze Age Chronology.  Anatolian Studies  29:51-67.